我对Java比较陌生,经常发现需要对值进行Map<Key,Value>排序。
由于这些值不是唯一的,我发现自己将keySet转换为一个数组,并使用自定义比较器通过数组排序对该数组进行排序,该比较器根据与该键关联的值进行排序。
有没有更简单的方法?
我对Java比较陌生,经常发现需要对值进行Map<Key,Value>排序。
由于这些值不是唯一的,我发现自己将keySet转换为一个数组,并使用自定义比较器通过数组排序对该数组进行排序,该比较器根据与该键关联的值进行排序。
有没有更简单的方法?
当前回答
三个单行答案。。。
我会使用GoogleCollectionsGuava来实现这一点-如果你的价值观是可比较的,那么你可以使用
valueComparator = Ordering.natural().onResultOf(Functions.forMap(map))
这将为地图创建一个函数(对象)[将任何键作为输入,返回相应的值],然后对它们应用自然(可比较)排序[值]。
如果它们不具有可比性,那么您需要按照
valueComparator = Ordering.from(comparator).onResultOf(Functions.forMap(map))
这些可以应用于TreeMap(因为Ordering扩展了Comparator),或者在排序后应用于LinkedHashMap
注意:如果要使用TreeMap,请记住,如果比较==0,则该项已在列表中(如果有多个值进行比较,则会发生这种情况)。为了缓解这种情况,您可以像这样将键添加到比较器中(假设键和值是可比较的):
valueComparator = Ordering.natural().onResultOf(Functions.forMap(map)).compound(Ordering.natural())
=对键映射的值应用自然排序,并将其与键的自然排序组合
请注意,如果您的键与0比较,这仍然不起作用,但这对于大多数可比较的项来说应该足够了(因为hashCode、equals和compareTo通常是同步的…)
请参见Ordering.onResultOf()和Functions.forMap()。
实施
现在我们有了一个比较器,它可以满足我们的需要,我们需要从中得到一个结果。
map = ImmutableSortedMap.copyOf(myOriginalMap, valueComparator);
现在,这很可能奏效,但:
需要完成一张完整的地图不要在TreeMap上尝试上面的比较器;当插入的键在put之后才有值时,尝试比较它是没有意义的,也就是说,它会很快断开
第1点对我来说有点破坏交易;google集合非常懒惰(这很好:你几乎可以在一瞬间完成所有操作;真正的工作是在你开始使用结果时完成的),这需要复制整个地图!
“完整”答案/按值排序的实时地图
不过别担心;如果你痴迷于以这种方式对“实时”地图进行排序,那么你可以用以下疯狂的方式解决上述问题,而不是其中一个,而是两个(!):
注意:这在2012年6月发生了重大变化-以前的代码永远无法工作:需要内部HashMap来查找值,而不需要在TreeMap.get()->compare()和compare(()->get()之间创建无限循环
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import com.google.common.base.Functions;
import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;
class ValueComparableMap<K extends Comparable<K>,V> extends TreeMap<K,V> {
//A map for doing lookups on the keys for comparison so we don't get infinite loops
private final Map<K, V> valueMap;
ValueComparableMap(final Ordering<? super V> partialValueOrdering) {
this(partialValueOrdering, new HashMap<K,V>());
}
private ValueComparableMap(Ordering<? super V> partialValueOrdering,
HashMap<K, V> valueMap) {
super(partialValueOrdering //Apply the value ordering
.onResultOf(Functions.forMap(valueMap)) //On the result of getting the value for the key from the map
.compound(Ordering.natural())); //as well as ensuring that the keys don't get clobbered
this.valueMap = valueMap;
}
public V put(K k, V v) {
if (valueMap.containsKey(k)){
//remove the key in the sorted set before adding the key again
remove(k);
}
valueMap.put(k,v); //To get "real" unsorted values for the comparator
return super.put(k, v); //Put it in value order
}
public static void main(String[] args){
TreeMap<String, Integer> map = new ValueComparableMap<String, Integer>(Ordering.natural());
map.put("a", 5);
map.put("b", 1);
map.put("c", 3);
assertEquals("b",map.firstKey());
assertEquals("a",map.lastKey());
map.put("d",0);
assertEquals("d",map.firstKey());
//ensure it's still a map (by overwriting a key, but with a new value)
map.put("d", 2);
assertEquals("b", map.firstKey());
//Ensure multiple values do not clobber keys
map.put("e", 2);
assertEquals(5, map.size());
assertEquals(2, (int) map.get("e"));
assertEquals(2, (int) map.get("d"));
}
}
当我们放入时,我们确保哈希映射具有比较器的值,然后将其放入TreeSet进行排序。但在此之前,我们检查哈希图,看看该键实际上不是重复的。此外,我们创建的比较器还将包括关键字,这样重复的值就不会删除非重复的关键字(由于==比较)。这两项对于确保地图合同得到遵守至关重要;如果你认为你不想这样,那么你几乎就要完全颠倒地图了(地图<V,K>)。
构造函数需要调用为
new ValueComparableMap(Ordering.natural());
//or
new ValueComparableMap(Ordering.from(comparator));
其他回答
对于Java 8,您可以使用streams api以一种明显不那么冗长的方式来实现:
Map<K, V> sortedMap = map.entrySet().stream()
.sorted(Entry.comparingByValue())
.collect(Collectors.toMap(Entry::getKey, Entry::getValue, (e1, e2) -> e1, LinkedHashMap::new));
我建议使用Arrays.sort,而不是像某些人那样使用Collections.ort。实际上Collections.ort的作用是这样的:
public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> void sort(List<T> list) {
Object[] a = list.toArray();
Arrays.sort(a);
ListIterator<T> i = list.listIterator();
for (int j=0; j<a.length; j++) {
i.next();
i.set((T)a[j]);
}
}
它只调用列表上的array,然后使用Arrays.sort。这样,所有映射条目将被复制三次:一次从映射复制到临时列表(无论是LinkedList还是ArrayList),然后复制到临时数组,最后复制到新映射。
我的解决方案省略了这一步,因为它不会创建不必要的LinkedList。以下是代码,通用友好,性能最佳:
public static <K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> Map<K, V> sortByValue(Map<K, V> map)
{
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Map.Entry<K,V>[] array = map.entrySet().toArray(new Map.Entry[map.size()]);
Arrays.sort(array, new Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>>()
{
public int compare(Map.Entry<K, V> e1, Map.Entry<K, V> e2)
{
return e1.getValue().compareTo(e2.getValue());
}
});
Map<K, V> result = new LinkedHashMap<K, V>();
for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : array)
result.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
return result;
}
虽然我同意对地图进行排序的持续需要可能是一种气味,但我认为以下代码是在不使用不同数据结构的情况下进行排序的最简单方法。
public class MapUtilities {
public static <K, V extends Comparable<V>> List<Entry<K, V>> sortByValue(Map<K, V> map) {
List<Entry<K, V>> entries = new ArrayList<Entry<K, V>>(map.entrySet());
Collections.sort(entries, new ByValue<K, V>());
return entries;
}
private static class ByValue<K, V extends Comparable<V>> implements Comparator<Entry<K, V>> {
public int compare(Entry<K, V> o1, Entry<K, V> o2) {
return o1.getValue().compareTo(o2.getValue());
}
}
}
这里有一个令人尴尬的不完整单元测试:
public class MapUtilitiesTest extends TestCase {
public void testSorting() {
HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
map.put("One", 1);
map.put("Two", 2);
map.put("Three", 3);
List<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> sorted = MapUtilities.sortByValue(map);
assertEquals("First", "One", sorted.get(0).getKey());
assertEquals("Second", "Two", sorted.get(1).getKey());
assertEquals("Third", "Three", sorted.get(2).getKey());
}
}
结果是Map.Entry对象的排序列表,您可以从中获取键和值。
一些简单的更改,以便具有具有重复值的对的排序映射。在比较方法(类ValueComparator)中,当值相等时,不返回0,而是返回比较2个键的结果。关键点在地图中是不同的,因此您可以成功地保留重复的值(顺便按关键点排序)。因此,上面的示例可以这样修改:
public int compare(Object a, Object b) {
if((Double)base.get(a) < (Double)base.get(b)) {
return 1;
} else if((Double)base.get(a) == (Double)base.get(b)) {
return ((String)a).compareTo((String)b);
} else {
return -1;
}
}
}
当然,Stephen的解决方案真的很棒,但对于那些不会使用Guava的人来说:
这是我的解决方案,用于按值对地图进行排序。此解决方案处理两倍相同值等情况。。。
// If you want to sort a map by value, and if there can be twice the same value:
// here is your original map
Map<String,Integer> mapToSortByValue = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
mapToSortByValue.put("A", 3);
mapToSortByValue.put("B", 1);
mapToSortByValue.put("C", 3);
mapToSortByValue.put("D", 5);
mapToSortByValue.put("E", -1);
mapToSortByValue.put("F", 1000);
mapToSortByValue.put("G", 79);
mapToSortByValue.put("H", 15);
// Sort all the map entries by value
Set<Map.Entry<String,Integer>> set = new TreeSet<Map.Entry<String,Integer>>(
new Comparator<Map.Entry<String,Integer>>(){
@Override
public int compare(Map.Entry<String,Integer> obj1, Map.Entry<String,Integer> obj2) {
Integer val1 = obj1.getValue();
Integer val2 = obj2.getValue();
// DUPLICATE VALUE CASE
// If the values are equals, we can't return 0 because the 2 entries would be considered
// as equals and one of them would be deleted (because we use a set, no duplicate, remember!)
int compareValues = val1.compareTo(val2);
if ( compareValues == 0 ) {
String key1 = obj1.getKey();
String key2 = obj2.getKey();
int compareKeys = key1.compareTo(key2);
if ( compareKeys == 0 ) {
// what you return here will tell us if you keep REAL KEY-VALUE duplicates in your set
// if you want to, do whatever you want but do not return 0 (but don't break the comparator contract!)
return 0;
}
return compareKeys;
}
return compareValues;
}
}
);
set.addAll(mapToSortByValue.entrySet());
// OK NOW OUR SET IS SORTED COOL!!!!
// And there's nothing more to do: the entries are sorted by value!
for ( Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : set ) {
System.out.println("Set entries: " + entry.getKey() + " -> " + entry.getValue());
}
// But if you add them to an hashmap
Map<String,Integer> myMap = new HashMap<String,Integer>();
// When iterating over the set the order is still good in the println...
for ( Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : set ) {
System.out.println("Added to result map entries: " + entry.getKey() + " " + entry.getValue());
myMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
}
// But once they are in the hashmap, the order is not kept!
for ( Integer value : myMap.values() ) {
System.out.println("Result map values: " + value);
}
// Also this way doesn't work:
// Logic because the entryset is a hashset for hashmaps and not a treeset
// (and even if it was a treeset, it would be on the keys only)
for ( Map.Entry<String,Integer> entry : myMap.entrySet() ) {
System.out.println("Result map entries: " + entry.getKey() + " -> " + entry.getValue());
}
// CONCLUSION:
// If you want to iterate on a map ordered by value, you need to remember:
// 1) Maps are only sorted by keys, so you can't sort them directly by value
// 2) So you simply CAN'T return a map to a sortMapByValue function
// 3) You can't reverse the keys and the values because you have duplicate values
// This also means you can't neither use Guava/Commons bidirectionnal treemaps or stuff like that
// SOLUTIONS
// So you can:
// 1) only sort the values which is easy, but you loose the key/value link (since you have duplicate values)
// 2) sort the map entries, but don't forget to handle the duplicate value case (like i did)
// 3) if you really need to return a map, use a LinkedHashMap which keep the insertion order
执行官:http://www.ideone.com/dq3Lu
输出:
Set entries: E -> -1
Set entries: B -> 1
Set entries: A -> 3
Set entries: C -> 3
Set entries: D -> 5
Set entries: H -> 15
Set entries: G -> 79
Set entries: F -> 1000
Added to result map entries: E -1
Added to result map entries: B 1
Added to result map entries: A 3
Added to result map entries: C 3
Added to result map entries: D 5
Added to result map entries: H 15
Added to result map entries: G 79
Added to result map entries: F 1000
Result map values: 5
Result map values: -1
Result map values: 1000
Result map values: 79
Result map values: 3
Result map values: 1
Result map values: 3
Result map values: 15
Result map entries: D -> 5
Result map entries: E -> -1
Result map entries: F -> 1000
Result map entries: G -> 79
Result map entries: A -> 3
Result map entries: B -> 1
Result map entries: C -> 3
Result map entries: H -> 15
希望它能帮助一些人