即使在原始字典中有非唯一的值，这种方法也有效。

def dict_invert(d):
    '''
    d: dict
    Returns an inverted dictionary 
    '''
    # Your code here
    inv_d = {}
    for k, v in d.items():
        if v not in inv_d.keys():
            inv_d[v] = [k]
        else:
            inv_d[v].append(k)
        inv_d[v].sort()
        print(f"{inv_d[v]} are the values")
        
    return inv_d

我们也可以使用defaultdict来反转一个有重复键的字典:

from collections import Counter, defaultdict

def invert_dict(d):
    d_inv = defaultdict(list)
    for k, v in d.items():
        d_inv[v].append(k)
    return d_inv

text = 'aaa bbb ccc ddd aaa bbb ccc aaa' 
c = Counter(text.split()) # Counter({'aaa': 3, 'bbb': 2, 'ccc': 2, 'ddd': 1})
dict(invert_dict(c)) # {1: ['ddd'], 2: ['bbb', 'ccc'], 3: ['aaa']}  

在这里看到的:

这种技术比使用dict.setdefault()的等效技术更简单、更快。

Python 3 +:

inv_map = {v: k for k, v in my_map.items()}

Python 2:

inv_map = {v: k for k, v in my_map.iteritems()}

函数对于list类型的值是对称的;执行reverse_dict(reverse_dict(dictionary))时，元组被转换为列表

def reverse_dict(dictionary):
    reverse_dict = {}
    for key, value in dictionary.iteritems():
        if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            value = [value]
        for val in value:
            reverse_dict[val] = reverse_dict.get(val, [])
            reverse_dict[val].append(key)
    for key, value in reverse_dict.iteritems():
        if len(value) == 1:
            reverse_dict[key] = value[0]
    return reverse_dict

我会在python2中这样做。

inv_map = {my_map[x] : x for x in my_map}

如果my_map中的值不是唯一的:

Python 3:

inv_map = {}
for k, v in my_map.items():
    inv_map[v] = inv_map.get(v, []) + [k]

Python 2:

inv_map = {}
for k, v in my_map.iteritems():
    inv_map[v] = inv_map.get(v, []) + [k]