在进行增量备份时，硬链接非常有用。例如，请参阅rsnapshot。这个想法是使用硬链接进行复制:

拷贝备份号n到n + 1 拷贝备份n - 1到n .．. 拷贝备份0到备份1 用任何更改过的文件更新备份0。

除了您所做的任何更改之外，新的备份不会占用任何额外的空间，因为所有增量备份都将指向未更改的文件的同一组inode。

当原始文件被移动时，硬链接非常有用。例如，将文件从/bin移动到/usr/bin或/usr/local/bin。到/bin中文件的任何符号链接都将被破坏，但是硬链接(直接到文件的inode的链接)不会关心。

硬链接可能占用更少的磁盘空间，因为它们只占用一个目录条目，而符号链接需要自己的inode来存储它所指向的名称。

Hard links also take less time to resolve - symlinks can point to other symlinks that are in symlinked directories. And some of these could be on NFS or other high-latency file systems, and so could result in network traffic to resolve. Hard links, being always on the same file system, are always resolved in a single look-up, and never involve network latency (if it's a hardlink on an NFS filesystem, the NFS server would do the resolution, and it would be invisible to the client system). Sometimes this is important. Not for me, but I can imagine high-performance systems where this might be important.

I also think things like mmap(2) and even open(2) use the same functionality as hardlinks to keep a file's inode active so that even if the file gets unlink(2)ed, the inode remains to allow the process continued access, and only once the process closes it does the file really go away. This allows for much safer temporary files (if you can get the open and unlink to happen atomically, which there may be a POSIX API for that I'm not remembering, then you really have a safe temporary file) where you can read/write your data without anyone being able to access it. Well, that was true before /proc gave everyone the ability to look at your file descriptors, but that's another story.

说到这里，恢复一个在进程a中打开，但在文件系统中未链接的文件需要使用硬链接来重新创建inode链接，这样当打开该文件的进程关闭或离开时，该文件不会消失。

我推荐你们去维基百科:

符号链接 硬链接

以下几点:

与硬链接不同，符号链接可以跨文件系统(大多数情况下)。 符号链接可以指向目录。 硬链接指向一个文件，并允许您使用多个名称引用同一个文件。 只要至少有一个链接，数据就仍然可用。

硬链接和软链接可以很容易地用这张图来解释。

符号链接为文件提供了另一个名称，在某种程度上类似于硬链接。但是，即使文件中仍然存在符号链接，也可以删除文件。

我对使用的两点看法:

软链接可以用来缩短长路径名，例如:

ln -s /long/folder/name/on/long/path/file.txt /short/file.txt

对/short/file.txt所做的更改将应用于原始文件。

硬链接可以用来移动大文件:

$ ls -lh /myapp/dev/
total 10G
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root 10G May 22 12:09 application.bin

ln /myapp/dev/application.bin /myapp/prd/application.bin

即时复制到不同的文件夹，原始文件(在/myapp/dev上)可以移动或删除，而不会触及/myapp/prd上的文件