下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码，或在非零退出码上引发异常:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, # Merge stdout and stderr
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
shell=True)
communication用于等待进程退出:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此，通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。
在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?
当前回答
只是想写些简单点的东西。
#!/usr/bin/python
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import datetime
import time
popen = Popen(["/bin/sleep", "10"]);
pid = popen.pid
sttime = time.time();
waittime = 3
print "Start time %s"%(sttime)
while True:
popen.poll();
time.sleep(1)
rcode = popen.returncode
now = time.time();
if [ rcode is None ] and [ now > (sttime + waittime) ] :
print "Killing it now"
popen.kill()
其他回答
对于python 2.6+，使用gevent
from gevent.subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
def call_sys(cmd, timeout):
p= Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
output, _ = p.communicate(timeout=timeout)
assert p.returncode == 0, p. returncode
return output
call_sys('./t.sh', 2)
# t.sh example
sleep 5
echo done
exit 1
虽然我还没有广泛地研究它，但我在ActiveState中发现的这个装饰器似乎对这类事情非常有用。伴随着subprocess.Popen(…， close_fds=True)，至少我已经准备好在Python中编写shell脚本。
This solution kills the process tree in case of shell=True, passes parameters to the process (or not), has a timeout and gets the stdout, stderr and process output of the call back (it uses psutil for the kill_proc_tree). This was based on several solutions posted in SO including jcollado's. Posting in response to comments by Anson and jradice in jcollado's answer. Tested in Windows Srvr 2012 and Ubuntu 14.04. Please note that for Ubuntu you need to change the parent.children(...) call to parent.get_children(...).
def kill_proc_tree(pid, including_parent=True):
parent = psutil.Process(pid)
children = parent.children(recursive=True)
for child in children:
child.kill()
psutil.wait_procs(children, timeout=5)
if including_parent:
parent.kill()
parent.wait(5)
def run_with_timeout(cmd, current_dir, cmd_parms, timeout):
def target():
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd=current_dir, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
# wait for the process to terminate
if (cmd_parms == ""):
out, err = process.communicate()
else:
out, err = process.communicate(cmd_parms)
errcode = process.returncode
thread = Thread(target=target)
thread.start()
thread.join(timeout)
if thread.is_alive():
me = os.getpid()
kill_proc_tree(me, including_parent=False)
thread.join()
如果你用的是Unix，
import signal
...
class Alarm(Exception):
pass
def alarm_handler(signum, frame):
raise Alarm
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarm_handler)
signal.alarm(5*60) # 5 minutes
try:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
signal.alarm(0) # reset the alarm
except Alarm:
print "Oops, taking too long!"
# whatever else
我使用的解决方案是在shell命令前面加上timelimit。如果命令花费的时间太长，timelimit将停止它，Popen将有一个由timelimit设置的返回码。如果它是> 128，它意味着时间限制杀死进程。
参见python subprocess with timeout and large output (>64K)
