有两种类型的多余的#include文件:

头文件实际上不需要 模块(.c， .cpp) 模块需要头文件 而是不止一次，直接或间接地。

根据我的经验，有两种方法可以很好地检测到它:

gcc -H or cl.exe /showincludes (resolve problem 2) In real world, you can export CFLAGS=-H before make, if all the Makefile's not override CFLAGS options. Or as I used, you can create a cc/g++ wrapper to add -H options forcibly to each invoke of $(CC) and $(CXX). and prepend the wrapper's directory to $PATH variable, then your make will all uses you wrapper command instead. Of course your wrapper should invoke the real gcc compiler. This tricks need to change if your Makefile uses gcc directly. instead of $(CC) or $(CXX) or by implied rules. You can also compile a single file by tweaking with the command line. But if you want to clean headers for the whole project. You can capture all the output by: make clean make 2>&1 | tee result.txt PC-Lint/FlexeLint(resolve problem both 1 and 2) make sure add the +e766 options, this warning is about: unused header files. pclint/flint -vf ... This will cause pclint output included header files, nested header files will be indented appropriately.

我从来没有找到一个成熟的工具来完成你的要求。我使用过的最接近的工具是IncludeManager，它将头包含树图形化，以便您可以直观地发现只包含在一个文件中的头和循环头包含之类的内容。

您可以编写一个快速脚本，删除单个#include指令，编译项目，并在没有发生编译错误的情况下记录#include中的名称和它被删除的文件。

让它在晚上运行，第二天你就会有一个100%正确的可以删除的包含文件列表。

有时候蛮力很管用:-)

编辑:有时它不会:-)。下面是一些来自评论的信息:

Sometimes you can remove two header files separately, but not both together. A solution is to remove the header files during the run and not bring them back. This will find a list of files you can safely remove, although there might a solution with more files to remove which this algorithm won't find. (it's a greedy search over the space of include files to remove. It will only find a local maximum) There may be subtle changes in behavior if you have some macros redefined differently depending on some #ifdefs. I think these are very rare cases, and the Unit Tests which are part of the build should catch these changes.

也许有点晚了，但我曾经找到一个WebKit perl脚本，它做的正是你想要的。我相信它需要一些调整(我不太精通perl)，但它应该能做到:

http://trac.webkit.org/browser/branches/old/safari-3-2-branch/WebKitTools/Scripts/find-extra-includes

(这是一个旧的分支，因为trunk不再有文件了)

结束这个讨论:c++预处理器是图灵完成的。包含是否是多余的，这是一个语义属性。因此，由Rice定理可知，包含是否多余是不可判定的。不可能有一个程序(总是正确地)检测包含是否多余。

这里有一个简单的暴力方法来识别多余的头包含。它并不完美，但消除了“明显的”不必要的包含。清除这些代码对清理代码大有帮助。

这些脚本可以直接在GitHub上访问。