我有这个问题，根本原因是多次订阅按钮单击处理程序(TouchUpInside)。

它在ViewWillAppear中订阅，它被多次调用因为我们添加了导航去到另一个控制器，然后unwind回它。

viewWillLayoutSubviews和viewDidLayoutSubviews (iOS 5.0+)可以用于此目的。它们在viewDidAppear之前被调用。

可能和我一样，你有一个错误的根viewController

我想在非uiviewcontroller上下文中显示一个ViewController，

所以我不能使用这样的代码:

[self presentViewController:]

我得到一个UIViewController

[[[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate] window] rootViewController]

由于某种原因(逻辑错误)，rootViewController是其他的东西比预期的(一个正常的UIViewController)。然后我纠正了这个错误，用UINavigationController替换了rootViewController，问题就解决了。

在主窗口中，可能总是会出现与显示警报不兼容的过渡。为了允许在应用程序生命周期的任何时候显示警报，您应该有一个单独的窗口来完成这项工作。

/// independant window for alerts
@interface AlertWindow: UIWindow

+ (void)presentAlertWithTitle:(NSString *)title message:(NSString *)message;

@end

@implementation AlertWindow

+ (AlertWindow *)sharedInstance
{
    static AlertWindow *sharedInstance;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        sharedInstance = [[AlertWindow alloc] initWithFrame:UIScreen.mainScreen.bounds];
    });
    return sharedInstance;
}

+ (void)presentAlertWithTitle:(NSString *)title message:(NSString *)message
{
    // Using a separate window to solve "Warning: Attempt to present <UIAlertController> on <UIViewController> whose view is not in the window hierarchy!"
    UIWindow *shared = AlertWindow.sharedInstance;
    shared.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
    UIViewController *root = shared.rootViewController;
    UIAlertController *alert = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:title message:message preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
    alert.modalInPopover = true;
    [alert addAction:[UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"OK" style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction *action) {
        shared.userInteractionEnabled = NO;
        [root dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
    }]];
    [root presentViewController:alert animated:YES completion:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
    self = [super initWithFrame:frame];

    self.userInteractionEnabled = NO;
    self.windowLevel = CGFLOAT_MAX;
    self.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor;
    self.hidden = NO;
    self.rootViewController = UIViewController.new;

    [NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter addObserver:self
                                           selector:@selector(bringWindowToTop:)
                                               name:UIWindowDidBecomeVisibleNotification
                                             object:nil];

    return self;
}

/// Bring AlertWindow to top when another window is being shown.
- (void)bringWindowToTop:(NSNotification *)notification {
    if (![notification.object isKindOfClass:[AlertWindow class]]) {
        self.hidden = YES;
        self.hidden = NO;
    }
}

@end

在设计上总是成功的基本用法:

[AlertWindow presentAlertWithTitle:@"My title" message:@"My message"];

In case it helps anyone, my issue was extremely silly. Totally my fault of course. A notification was triggering a method that was calling the modal. But I wasn't removing the notification correctly, so at some point, I would have more than one notification, so the modal would get called multiple times. Of course, after you call the modal once, the viewcontroller that calls it it's not longer in the view hierarchy, that's why we see this issue. My situation caused a bunch of other issue too, as you would expect.

总之，无论你做什么，都要确保模态不会被调用超过一次。

你只能有1个rootViewController，它是最近出现的一个。所以不要尝试让一个视图控制器呈现另一个视图控制器当它已经呈现了一个没有被解散的视图控制器。

在做了一些自己的测试之后，我得出了一个结论。

如果你有一个rootViewController你想要显示所有东西，那么你就会遇到这个问题。

下面是我的rootController代码(打开是从根节点显示视图控制器的快捷方式)。

func open(controller:UIViewController)
{
    if (Context.ROOTWINDOW.rootViewController == nil)
    {
        Context.ROOTWINDOW.rootViewController = ROOT_VIEW_CONTROLLER
        Context.ROOTWINDOW.makeKeyAndVisible()
    }

    ROOT_VIEW_CONTROLLER.presentViewController(controller, animated: true, completion: {})
}

如果我在一行中调用open两次(不管时间流逝)，这将在第一个开放上工作，但不是在第二个开放上。第二次打开尝试将导致上述错误。

然而，如果我关闭最近呈现的视图然后调用open，当我再次调用open(在另一个视图控制器上)时，它工作得很好。

func close(controller:UIViewController)
{
    ROOT_VIEW_CONTROLLER.dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
}

我的结论是，只有MOST-RECENT-CALL的rootViewController在视图层次结构上(即使您没有解散它或删除视图)。我试着玩所有的加载器调用(viewDidLoad, viewDidAppear，并做延迟调度调用)，我发现我能让它工作的唯一方法是从最顶层的视图控制器调用present。