我的贡献展示了@classmethod、@staticmethod和实例方法之间的区别，包括实例如何间接调用@staticmmethod。但是，与其从实例间接调用@staticmethod，不如将其私有化可能更“Python化”。这里没有演示从私有方法获取内容，但基本上是相同的概念。

#!python3

from os import system
system('cls')
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

class DemoClass(object):
    # instance methods need a class instance and
    # can access the instance through 'self'
    def instance_method_1(self):
        return 'called from inside the instance_method_1()'

    def instance_method_2(self):
        # an instance outside the class indirectly calls the static_method
        return self.static_method() + ' via instance_method_2()'

    # class methods don't need a class instance, they can't access the
    # instance (self) but they have access to the class itself via 'cls'
    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls):
        return 'called from inside the class_method()'

    # static methods don't have access to 'cls' or 'self', they work like
    # regular functions but belong to the class' namespace
    @staticmethod
    def static_method():
        return 'called from inside the static_method()'
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

# works even if the class hasn't been instantiated
print(DemoClass.class_method() + '\n')
''' called from inside the class_method() '''

# works even if the class hasn't been instantiated
print(DemoClass.static_method() + '\n')
''' called from inside the static_method() '''
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

# >>>>> all methods types can be called on a class instance <<<<<
# instantiate the class
democlassObj = DemoClass()

# call instance_method_1()
print(democlassObj.instance_method_1() + '\n')
''' called from inside the instance_method_1() '''

# # indirectly call static_method through instance_method_2(), there's really no use
# for this since a @staticmethod can be called whether the class has been
# instantiated or not
print(democlassObj.instance_method_2() + '\n')
''' called from inside the static_method() via instance_method_2() '''

# call class_method()
print(democlassObj.class_method() + '\n')
'''  called from inside the class_method() '''

# call static_method()
print(democlassObj.static_method())
''' called from inside the static_method() '''

"""
# whether the class is instantiated or not, this doesn't work
print(DemoClass.instance_method_1() + '\n')
'''
TypeError: TypeError: unbound method instancemethod() must be called with
DemoClass instance as first argument (got nothing instead)
'''
"""

要决定是使用@staticmethod还是@classmethod，必须查看方法内部。如果您的方法访问类中的其他变量/方法，请使用@classmethod。另一方面，如果您的方法不涉及类的任何其他部分，则使用@staticmethod。

class Apple:

    _counter = 0

    @staticmethod
    def about_apple():
        print('Apple is good for you.')

        # note you can still access other member of the class
        # but you have to use the class instance 
        # which is not very nice, because you have repeat yourself
        # 
        # For example:
        # @staticmethod
        #    print('Number of apples have been juiced: %s' % Apple._counter)
        #
        # @classmethod
        #    print('Number of apples have been juiced: %s' % cls._counter)
        #
        #    @classmethod is especially useful when you move your function to another class,
        #       you don't have to rename the referenced class 

    @classmethod
    def make_apple_juice(cls, number_of_apples):
        print('Making juice:')
        for i in range(number_of_apples):
            cls._juice_this(i)

    @classmethod
    def _juice_this(cls, apple):
        print('Juicing apple %d...' % apple)
        cls._counter += 1

关于staticmethod vs classmethod的另一个考虑是继承。假设你有以下课程：

class Foo(object):
    @staticmethod
    def bar():
        return "In Foo"

然后您需要在子类中重写bar（）：

class Foo2(Foo):
    @staticmethod
    def bar():
        return "In Foo2"

这是可行的，但请注意，现在子类（Foo2）中的bar（）实现不能再利用该类特有的任何特性。例如，假设Foo2有一个名为magic（）的方法，您希望在Foo2实现bar（）时使用该方法：

class Foo2(Foo):
    @staticmethod
    def bar():
        return "In Foo2"
    @staticmethod
    def magic():
        return "Something useful you'd like to use in bar, but now can't" 

这里的解决方法是在bar（）中调用Foo2.magic（），但随后您重复自己的操作（如果Foo2的名称发生更改，您必须记住更新bar（）方法）。

对我来说，这稍微违反了开放/封闭原则，因为在Foo中做出的决定会影响您重构派生类中的公共代码的能力（即扩展的开放性较低）。如果bar（）是一个类方法，我们就可以了：

class Foo(object):
    @classmethod
    def bar(cls):
        return "In Foo"

class Foo2(Foo):
    @classmethod
    def bar(cls):
        return "In Foo2 " + cls.magic()
    @classmethod
    def magic(cls):
        return "MAGIC"

print Foo2().bar()

给出：In Foo2 MAGIC

此外：历史笔记：Guido Van Rossum（Python的创建者）曾将静态方法称为“意外”：https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2012-May/014969.html

我们都知道静态方法有多有限。（它们基本上是一个意外——回到Python 2.2时代，当我发明新型类和描述符时，我想实现类方法，但一开始我不理解它们，意外地先实现了静态方法。然后，删除它们，只提供类方法已经太晚了。

也：https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2016-July/041189.html

老实说，staticmethod是一个错误——我试图做一些类似Java类方法的事情，但一旦发布，我发现真正需要的是类方法。但要摆脱静态方法为时已晚。

Python带有几个内置的装饰器。三大类是：

@classmethod
@staticmethod
@property

首先，让我们注意，类的任何函数都可以用这个类的实例调用（在初始化这个类之后）。

@classmethod是一种方法，它不仅可以作为类的实例调用函数，还可以直接由类本身作为其第一个参数调用函数。

@staticmethod是一种将函数放入类的方法（因为它在逻辑上属于类），同时表示它不需要访问类（因此我们不需要在函数定义中使用self）。

让我们考虑一下以下课程：

class DecoratorTest(object):

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def doubler(self, x):
        return x*2

    @classmethod
    def class_doubler(cls, x): # we need to use 'cls' instead of 'self'; 'cls' reference to the class instead of an instance of the class
        return x*2

    @staticmethod
    def static_doubler(x): # no need adding 'self' here; static_doubler() could be just a function not inside the class
        return x*2

让我们看看它是如何工作的：

decor = DecoratorTest()

print(decor.doubler(5))
# 10

print(decor.class_doubler(5)) # a call with an instance of a class
# 10
print(DecoratorTest.class_doubler(5)) # a direct call by the class itself
# 10

# staticmethod could be called in the same way as classmethod.
print(decor.static_doubler(5)) # as an instance of the class
# 10
print(DecoratorTest.static_doubler(5)) # or as a direct call 
# 10

这里您可以看到这些方法的一些用例。

奖金：您可以在这里阅读@property decorator

我的贡献展示了@classmethod、@staticmethod和实例方法之间的区别，包括实例如何间接调用@staticmmethod。但是，与其从实例间接调用@staticmethod，不如将其私有化可能更“Python化”。这里没有演示从私有方法获取内容，但基本上是相同的概念。

#!python3

from os import system
system('cls')
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

class DemoClass(object):
    # instance methods need a class instance and
    # can access the instance through 'self'
    def instance_method_1(self):
        return 'called from inside the instance_method_1()'

    def instance_method_2(self):
        # an instance outside the class indirectly calls the static_method
        return self.static_method() + ' via instance_method_2()'

    # class methods don't need a class instance, they can't access the
    # instance (self) but they have access to the class itself via 'cls'
    @classmethod
    def class_method(cls):
        return 'called from inside the class_method()'

    # static methods don't have access to 'cls' or 'self', they work like
    # regular functions but belong to the class' namespace
    @staticmethod
    def static_method():
        return 'called from inside the static_method()'
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

# works even if the class hasn't been instantiated
print(DemoClass.class_method() + '\n')
''' called from inside the class_method() '''

# works even if the class hasn't been instantiated
print(DemoClass.static_method() + '\n')
''' called from inside the static_method() '''
# %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %   %

# >>>>> all methods types can be called on a class instance <<<<<
# instantiate the class
democlassObj = DemoClass()

# call instance_method_1()
print(democlassObj.instance_method_1() + '\n')
''' called from inside the instance_method_1() '''

# # indirectly call static_method through instance_method_2(), there's really no use
# for this since a @staticmethod can be called whether the class has been
# instantiated or not
print(democlassObj.instance_method_2() + '\n')
''' called from inside the static_method() via instance_method_2() '''

# call class_method()
print(democlassObj.class_method() + '\n')
'''  called from inside the class_method() '''

# call static_method()
print(democlassObj.static_method())
''' called from inside the static_method() '''

"""
# whether the class is instantiated or not, this doesn't work
print(DemoClass.instance_method_1() + '\n')
'''
TypeError: TypeError: unbound method instancemethod() must be called with
DemoClass instance as first argument (got nothing instead)
'''
"""

分析@staticmethod，提供不同的见解。

类的普通方法是一种隐式动态方法，它将实例作为第一个参数。相反，静态方法不将实例作为第一个参数，因此称为“static”。

静态方法确实是一个与类定义之外的函数相同的正常函数。幸运的是，它被分组到类中，只是为了更接近应用它的位置，或者您可以滚动查找它。