简单而彻底:

function isNumber(x) {
  return parseFloat(x) == x
};

测试用例:

console.log('***TRUE CASES***');
console.log(isNumber(0));
console.log(isNumber(-1));
console.log(isNumber(-500));
console.log(isNumber(15000));
console.log(isNumber(0.35));
console.log(isNumber(-10.35));
console.log(isNumber(2.534e25));
console.log(isNumber('2.534e25'));
console.log(isNumber('52334'));
console.log(isNumber('-234'));
console.log(isNumber(Infinity));
console.log(isNumber(-Infinity));
console.log(isNumber('Infinity'));
console.log(isNumber('-Infinity'));

console.log('***FALSE CASES***');
console.log(isNumber(NaN));
console.log(isNumber({}));
console.log(isNumber([]));
console.log(isNumber(''));
console.log(isNumber('one'));
console.log(isNumber(true));
console.log(isNumber(false));
console.log(isNumber());
console.log(isNumber(undefined));
console.log(isNumber(null));
console.log(isNumber('-234aa'));

我发现的同时考虑正数和负数的最好方法是: O'Reilly Javascript和DHTML烹饪书:

function isNumber(elem) {
var str = elem.value;
var oneDecimal = false;
var oneChar = 0;
// make sure value hasn't cast to a number data type
str = str.toString( );
for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    oneChar = str.charAt(i).charCodeAt(0);
    // OK for minus sign as first character
    if (oneChar =  = 45) {
        if (i =  = 0) {
            continue;
        } else {
            alert("Only the first character may be a minus sign.");
            return false;
        }
    }
    // OK for one decimal point
    if (oneChar =  = 46) {
        if (!oneDecimal) {
            oneDecimal = true;
            continue;
        } else {
            alert("Only one decimal is allowed in a number.");
            return false;
        }
    }
    // characters outside of 0 through 9 not OK
    if (oneChar < 48 || oneChar > 57) {
        alert("Enter only numbers into the field.");
        return false;
    }
}
return true;

}

仅供参考，如果你使用jQuery你有

$.isNumeric() 

来处理这个问题。更多详情请访问http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.isNumeric/

异或操作可用于检测数字或字符串。 Number ^ 0将始终以相同的数字作为输出，而string ^ 0将以0作为输出。

Example: 
   1)  2 ^ 0 = 2
   2)  '2' ^ 0  = 2
   3)  'Str' ^ 0 = 0

试试这个,

<script>
var regInteger = /^-?\d+$/;

function isInteger( str ) {    
    return regInteger.test( str );
}

if(isInteger("1a11")) {
   console.log( 'Integer' );
} else {
   console.log( 'Non Integer' );
}
</script>

因为像'1234'这样带有typeof的字符串将显示'string'，而相反的情况永远不会发生(typeof 123将始终是number)，最好是使用简单的正则表达式/^\-?\d+$/.test(var)。或者更高级的浮点数、整数和负数匹配，/^[\-\+]?[\d]+\.?(\d+)?美元/ .test的重要方面是，如果var不是字符串，它不会抛出异常，值可以是任何东西。

var val, regex = /^[\-\+]?[\d]+\.?(\d+)?$/;

regex.test(val)       // false 
val = '1234';
regex.test(val)       // true
val = '-213';
regex.test(val)       // true
val = '-213.2312';
regex.test(val)       // true
val = '+213.2312';
regex.test(val)       // true
val = 123;
regex.test(val)       // true
val = new Number(123);
regex.test(val)       // true
val = new String('123');
regex.test(val)       // true
val = '1234e';
regex.test(val)       // false 
val = {};
regex.test(val)       // false 
val = false;
regex.test(val)       // false 
regex.test(undefined) // false 
regex.test(null)      // false 
regex.test(window)    // false 
regex.test(document)  // false 

如果您正在寻找真正的类型，那么typeof单独就可以了。