将清单大致等份的最佳方法是什么?例如，如果列表有7个元素，并将其分为2部分，我们希望其中一部分有3个元素，而另一部分应该有4个元素。
我正在寻找类似even_split(L, n)的东西，它将L分解为n部分。
def chunks(L, n):
""" Yield successive n-sized chunks from L.
"""
for i in range(0, len(L), n):
yield L[i:i+n]
上面的代码给出了3个块，而不是3个块。我可以简单地转置(遍历这个，取每列的第一个元素，称之为第一部分，然后取第二个元素，把它放在第二部分，等等)，但这破坏了项目的顺序。
当前回答
在这种情况下，我自己编写了代码:
def chunk_ports(port_start, port_end, portions):
if port_end < port_start:
return None
total = port_end - port_start + 1
fractions = int(math.floor(float(total) / portions))
results = []
# No enough to chuck.
if fractions < 1:
return None
# Reverse, so any additional items would be in the first range.
_e = port_end
for i in range(portions, 0, -1):
print "i", i
if i == 1:
_s = port_start
else:
_s = _e - fractions + 1
results.append((_s, _e))
_e = _s - 1
results.reverse()
return results
Divide_ports(1,10,9)将返回
[(1, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6), (7, 7), (8, 8), (9, 9), (10, 10)]
其他回答
这里有一个生成器，可以处理任何正(整数)数量的块。如果块的数量大于输入列表的长度，一些块将为空。该算法在短块和长块之间交替，而不是将它们分开。
我还包含了一些用于测试ragged_chunks函数的代码。
''' Split a list into "ragged" chunks
The size of each chunk is either the floor or ceiling of len(seq) / chunks
chunks can be > len(seq), in which case there will be empty chunks
Written by PM 2Ring 2017.03.30
'''
def ragged_chunks(seq, chunks):
size = len(seq)
start = 0
for i in range(1, chunks + 1):
stop = i * size // chunks
yield seq[start:stop]
start = stop
# test
def test_ragged_chunks(maxsize):
for size in range(0, maxsize):
seq = list(range(size))
for chunks in range(1, size + 1):
minwidth = size // chunks
#ceiling division
maxwidth = -(-size // chunks)
a = list(ragged_chunks(seq, chunks))
sizes = [len(u) for u in a]
deltas = all(minwidth <= u <= maxwidth for u in sizes)
assert all((sum(a, []) == seq, sum(sizes) == size, deltas))
return True
if test_ragged_chunks(100):
print('ok')
我们可以通过将乘法导出到range调用中来稍微提高效率，但我认为以前的版本更易于阅读(和dry)。
def ragged_chunks(seq, chunks):
size = len(seq)
start = 0
for i in range(size, size * chunks + 1, size):
stop = i // chunks
yield seq[start:stop]
start = stop
如果你不介意顺序会改变，我建议你使用@job solution，否则，你可以使用这个:
def chunkIt(seq, num):
steps = int(len(seq) / float(num))
out = []
last = 0.0
while last < len(seq):
if len(seq) - (last + steps) < steps:
until = len(seq)
steps = len(seq) - last
else:
until = int(last + steps)
out.append(seq[int(last): until])
last += steps
return out
以下是我的解决方案:
def chunks(l, amount):
if amount < 1:
raise ValueError('amount must be positive integer')
chunk_len = len(l) // amount
leap_parts = len(l) % amount
remainder = amount // 2 # make it symmetrical
i = 0
while i < len(l):
remainder += leap_parts
end_index = i + chunk_len
if remainder >= amount:
remainder -= amount
end_index += 1
yield l[i:end_index]
i = end_index
生产
>>> list(chunks([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], 3))
[[1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6, 7]]
下面是一个添加None以使列表长度相等的列表
>>> from itertools import izip_longest
>>> def chunks(l, n):
""" Yield n successive chunks from l. Pads extra spaces with None
"""
return list(zip(*izip_longest(*[iter(l)]*n)))
>>> l=range(54)
>>> chunks(l,3)
[(0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51), (1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, 49, 52), (2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53)]
>>> chunks(l,4)
[(0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52), (1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53), (2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 50, None), (3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39, 43, 47, 51, None)]
>>> chunks(l,5)
[(0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50), (1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51), (2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47, 52), (3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, 43, 48, 53), (4, 9, 14, 19, 24, 29, 34, 39, 44, 49, None)]
如果你把n个元素分成大约k个块，你可以让n % k个块1个元素比其他块大，以分配额外的元素。
下面的代码将给出块的长度:
[(n // k) + (1 if i < (n % k) else 0) for i in range(k)]
示例:n=11, k=3结果为[4,4,3]
然后你可以很容易地计算块的起始索引:
[i * (n // k) + min(i, n % k) for i in range(k)]
示例:n=11, k=3结果为[0,4,8]
使用第i+1块作为边界，我们得到列表l的第i块(len n)是
l[i * (n // k) + min(i, n % k):(i+1) * (n // k) + min(i+1, n % k)]
作为最后一步，使用列表理解从所有块创建一个列表:
[l[i * (n // k) + min(i, n % k):(i+1) * (n // k) + min(i+1, n % k)] for i in range(k)]
示例:n=11, k=3, l=range(n) results in [range(0,4)， range(4,8)， range(8,11)]
