我有一个字节数组。 我希望将该数组的每个字节String转换为相应的十六进制值。
Java中是否有将字节数组转换为十六进制的函数?
我有一个字节数组。 我希望将该数组的每个字节String转换为相应的十六进制值。
Java中是否有将字节数组转换为十六进制的函数?
当前回答
Java 17:引入Java .util. hexformat
Java 17提供了一个实用程序,可以将字节数组和数字转换为对应的十六进制数。假设我们有一个“Hello World”的MD5摘要作为一个字节数组:
var md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
md5.update("Hello world".getBytes(UTF_8));
var digest = md5.digest();
现在我们可以使用HexFormat.of().formatHex(byte[])方法将给定的byte[]转换为它的十六进制形式:
jshell> HexFormat.of().formatHex(digest)
$7 ==> "3e25960a79dbc69b674cd4ec67a72c62"
withUpperCase()方法返回前面输出的大写版本:
jshell> HexFormat.of().withUpperCase().formatHex(digest)
$8 ==> "3E25960A79DBC69B674CD4EC67A72C62"
其他回答
如果你想要一个恒定宽度的十六进制表示,即0A而不是a,这样你就可以明确地恢复字节,尝试format():
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (byte bb : byteArray) {
result.append(String.format("%02X", bb));
}
return result.toString();
下面是一个将字节转换为十六进制的简单函数
private static String convertToHex(byte[] data) {
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
int halfbyte = (data[i] >>> 4) & 0x0F;
int two_halfs = 0;
do {
if ((0 <= halfbyte) && (halfbyte <= 9))
buf.append((char) ('0' + halfbyte));
else
buf.append((char) ('a' + (halfbyte - 10)));
halfbyte = data[i] & 0x0F;
} while(two_halfs++ < 1);
}
return buf.toString();
}
如果存在性能问题,创建(并销毁)一堆String实例并不是一个好方法。
请忽略那些冗长(重复)参数检查语句(if)。那是为了(另一个)教育目的。
完整的maven项目:http://jinahya.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/com.googlecode.jinahya/hex-codec/
编码…
/**
* Encodes a single nibble.
*
* @param decoded the nibble to encode.
*
* @return the encoded half octet.
*/
protected static int encodeHalf(final int decoded) {
switch (decoded) {
case 0x00:
case 0x01:
case 0x02:
case 0x03:
case 0x04:
case 0x05:
case 0x06:
case 0x07:
case 0x08:
case 0x09:
return decoded + 0x30; // 0x30('0') - 0x39('9')
case 0x0A:
case 0x0B:
case 0x0C:
case 0x0D:
case 0x0E:
case 0x0F:
return decoded + 0x57; // 0x41('a') - 0x46('f')
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("illegal half: " + decoded);
}
}
/**
* Encodes a single octet into two nibbles.
*
* @param decoded the octet to encode.
* @param encoded the array to which each encoded nibbles are written.
* @param offset the offset in the array.
*/
protected static void encodeSingle(final int decoded, final byte[] encoded,
final int offset) {
if (encoded == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("null encoded");
}
if (encoded.length < 2) {
// not required
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"encoded.length(" + encoded.length + ") < 2");
}
if (offset < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("offset(" + offset + ") < 0");
}
if (offset >= encoded.length - 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"offset(" + offset + ") >= encoded.length(" + encoded.length
+ ") - 1");
}
encoded[offset] = (byte) encodeHalf((decoded >> 4) & 0x0F);
encoded[offset + 1] = (byte) encodeHalf(decoded & 0x0F);
}
/**
* Decodes given sequence of octets into a sequence of nibbles.
*
* @param decoded the octets to encode
*
* @return the encoded nibbles.
*/
protected static byte[] encodeMultiple(final byte[] decoded) {
if (decoded == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("null decoded");
}
final byte[] encoded = new byte[decoded.length << 1];
int offset = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < decoded.length; i++) {
encodeSingle(decoded[i], encoded, offset);
offset += 2;
}
return encoded;
}
/**
* Encodes given sequence of octets into a sequence of nibbles.
*
* @param decoded the octets to encode.
*
* @return the encoded nibbles.
*/
public byte[] encode(final byte[] decoded) {
return encodeMultiple(decoded);
}
解码…
/**
* Decodes a single nibble.
*
* @param encoded the nibble to decode.
*
* @return the decoded half octet.
*/
protected static int decodeHalf(final int encoded) {
switch (encoded) {
case 0x30: // '0'
case 0x31: // '1'
case 0x32: // '2'
case 0x33: // '3'
case 0x34: // '4'
case 0x35: // '5'
case 0x36: // '6'
case 0x37: // '7'
case 0x38: // '8'
case 0x39: // '9'
return encoded - 0x30;
case 0x41: // 'A'
case 0x42: // 'B'
case 0x43: // 'C'
case 0x44: // 'D'
case 0x45: // 'E'
case 0x46: // 'F'
return encoded - 0x37;
case 0x61: // 'a'
case 0x62: // 'b'
case 0x63: // 'c'
case 0x64: // 'd'
case 0x65: // 'e'
case 0x66: // 'f'
return encoded - 0x57;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("illegal half: " + encoded);
}
}
/**
* Decodes two nibbles into a single octet.
*
* @param encoded the nibble array.
* @param offset the offset in the array.
*
* @return decoded octet.
*/
protected static int decodeSingle(final byte[] encoded, final int offset) {
if (encoded == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("null encoded");
}
if (encoded.length < 2) {
// not required
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"encoded.length(" + encoded.length + ") < 2");
}
if (offset < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("offset(" + offset + ") < 0");
}
if (offset >= encoded.length - 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"offset(" + offset + ") >= encoded.length(" + encoded.length
+ ") - 1");
}
return (decodeHalf(encoded[offset]) << 4)
| decodeHalf(encoded[offset + 1]);
}
/**
* Encodes given sequence of nibbles into a sequence of octets.
*
* @param encoded the nibbles to decode.
*
* @return the encoded octets.
*/
protected static byte[] decodeMultiple(final byte[] encoded) {
if (encoded == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("null encoded");
}
if ((encoded.length & 0x01) == 0x01) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"encoded.length(" + encoded.length + ") is not even");
}
final byte[] decoded = new byte[encoded.length >> 1];
int offset = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < decoded.length; i++) {
decoded[i] = (byte) decodeSingle(encoded, offset);
offset += 2;
}
return decoded;
}
/**
* Decodes given sequence of nibbles into a sequence of octets.
*
* @param encoded the nibbles to decode.
*
* @return the decoded octets.
*/
public byte[] decode(final byte[] encoded) {
return decodeMultiple(encoded);
}
就像其他答案一样,我建议使用String.format()和BigInteger。但是要将字节数组解释为大端二进制表示,而不是双补二进制表示(使用signum和不完全使用可能的十六进制值范围),请使用BigInteger(int signum, byte[] magnitude),而不是BigInteger(byte[] val)。
例如,对于长度为8的字节数组,使用:
String.format("%016X", new BigInteger(1,bytes))
优点:
前导零 没有符号 只有内置函数 只有一行代码
劣势:
也许有更有效的方法
例子:
byte[] bytes = new byte[8];
Random r = new Random();
System.out.println("big-endian | two's-complement");
System.out.println("-----------------|-----------------");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
r.nextBytes(bytes);
System.out.print(String.format("%016X", new BigInteger(1,bytes)));
System.out.print(" | ");
System.out.print(String.format("%016X", new BigInteger(bytes)));
System.out.println();
}
示例输出:
big-endian | two's-complement
-----------------|-----------------
3971B56BC7C80590 | 3971B56BC7C80590
64D3C133C86CCBDC | 64D3C133C86CCBDC
B232EFD5BC40FA61 | -4DCD102A43BF059F
CD350CC7DF7C9731 | -32CAF338208368CF
82CDC9ECC1BC8EED | -7D3236133E437113
F438C8C34911A7F5 | -BC7373CB6EE580B
5E99738BE6ACE798 | 5E99738BE6ACE798
A565FE5CE43AA8DD | -5A9A01A31BC55723
032EBA783D2E9A9F | 032EBA783D2E9A9F
8FDAA07263217ABA | -70255F8D9CDE8546
这是一条非常快的路。不需要外部库。
final protected static char[] HEXARRAY = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
public static String encodeHexString( byte[] bytes ) {
char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
hexChars[j * 2] = HEXARRAY[v >>> 4];
hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEXARRAY[v & 0x0F];
}
return new String(hexChars);
}