封装和抽象之间的确切区别是什么?
当前回答
有一件事，也许是其他答案忘记提到的一个基本的事情是，封装是抽象。因此，将两者进行对比并寻找差异是不准确的，而应该将封装视为一种抽象形式。
其他回答
封装要求模块化。它要求您创建具有数据和处理数据的方法的对象。在这种情况下，您可以将其视为一个模块。
抽象为您提供了类的一般视图。
封装:对对象的实际用户隐藏不需要的/不期望的/适当的实现细节。 如。
List<string> list = new List<string>();
list.Sort(); /* Here, which sorting algorithm is used and hows its
implemented is not useful to the user who wants to perform sort, that's
why its hidden from the user of list. */
抽象:是一种提供泛化的方法，因此是处理大量不同对象的通用方法。如。
class Aeroplane : IFlyable, IFuelable, IMachine
{ // Aeroplane's Design says:
// Aeroplane is a flying object
// Aeroplane can be fueled
// Aeroplane is a Machine
}
// But the code related to Pilot, or Driver of Aeroplane is not bothered
// about Machine or Fuel. Hence,
// pilot code:
IFlyable flyingObj = new Aeroplane();
flyingObj.Fly();
// fighter Pilot related code
IFlyable flyingObj2 = new FighterAeroplane();
flyingObj2.Fly();
// UFO related code
IFlyable ufoObj = new UFO();
ufoObj.Fly();
// **All the 3 Above codes are genaralized using IFlyable,
// Interface Abstraction**
// Fly related code knows how to fly, irrespective of the type of
// flying object they are.
// Similarly, Fuel related code:
// Fueling an Aeroplane
IFuelable fuelableObj = new Aeroplane();
fuelableObj.FillFuel();
// Fueling a Car
IFuelable fuelableObj2 = new Car(); // class Car : IFuelable { }
fuelableObj2.FillFuel();
// ** Fueling code does not need know what kind of vehicle it is, so far
// as it can Fill Fuel**
抽象和封装过程都会生成接口。
通过封装生成的接口隐藏了实现细节。
与抽象之前相比，通过抽象生成的接口可以适用于更多的数据类型。
通过使用单个通用示例进行抽象和封装
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我们都用计算器来计算复杂的问题!
抽象是广义的术语。即封装是抽象的子集。
| Abstraction | Encapsulation |
|---|---|
| It solves an issue at the design level. | Encapsulation solves an issue at implementation level. |
| hides the unnecessary detail but shows the essential information. | It hides the code and data into a single entity or unit so that the data can be protected from the outside world. |
| Focuses on the external lookout. | Focuses on internal working. |
| Lets focus on what an object does instead of how it does it. | Lets focus on how an object does something. |
| Example: Outer look of mobile, like it has a display screen and buttons. | Example: Inner details of mobile, how button and display screen connect with each other using circuits. |
示例:解决方案架构师是创建整个解决方案的高级抽象技术设计的人，然后将该设计移交给开发团队进行实现。 在这里，解决方案架构师充当抽象，而开发团队充当封装。
举例:用户数据的封装(组网)
图片由
Abstraction (or modularity) – Types enable programmers to think at a higher level than the bit or byte, not bothering with low-level implementation. For example, programmers can begin to think of a string as a set of character values instead of as a mere array of bytes. Higher still, types enable programmers to think about and express interfaces between two of any-sized subsystems. This enables more levels of localization so that the definitions required for interoperability of the subsystems remain consistent when those two subsystems communicate. Source
Java示例
