两者之间存在差异

ABSTRAACTION

and

封装

1.    First difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation is that, Abstraction is implemented in Java using interface and abstract class while Encapsulation is implemented using private, package-private and protected access modifier.

2.    Data abstraction simply means generalizing something to hide the complex logic that goes underneath where Encapsulation is DATA HIDING.


3.    Encapsulation is combining related logic data (variables and methods) where as Abstraction is hiding internal implementation details and expose only relevant details to the user. In a way you can Abstraction is achieved by Encapsulation.

这里的大多数答案都关注于OOP，但封装开始得更早:

Every function is an encapsulation; in pseudocode: point x = { 1, 4 } point y = { 23, 42 } numeric d = distance(x, y) Here, distance encapsulates the calculation of the (Euclidean) distance between two points in a plane: it hides implementation details. This is encapsulation, pure and simple. Abstraction is the process of generalisation: taking a concrete implementation and making it applicable to different, albeit somewhat related, types of data. The classical example of abstraction is C’s qsort function to sort data: The thing about qsort is that it doesn't care about the data it sorts — in fact, it doesn’t know what data it sorts. Rather, its input type is a typeless pointer (void*) which is just C’s way of saying “I don't care about the type of data” (this is also called type erasure). The important point is that the implementation of qsort always stays the same, regardless of data type. The only thing that has to change is the compare function, which differs from data type to data type. qsort therefore expects the user to provide said compare function as a function argument.

封装和抽象是密切相关的，因此您可以认为它们确实是不可分割的。就实际而言，这可能是对的;也就是说，这里有一个不太抽象的封装:

class point {
    numeric x
    numeric y
}

我们封装了点的坐标，但是我们没有实质性地将它们抽象出来，只是在逻辑上对它们进行分组。

这里有一个抽象的例子，它不是封装:

T pi<T> = 3.1415926535

这是一个具有给定值(π)的泛型变量pi，声明并不关心变量的确切类型。诚然，我很难在真实的代码中找到这样的东西:抽象实际上总是使用封装。然而，上面的内容在c++(14)中确实存在，通过变量模板(=变量的通用模板);使用稍微复杂一点的语法，例如:

template <typename T> constexpr T pi = T{3.1415926535};

封装要求模块化。它要求您创建具有数据和处理数据的方法的对象。在这种情况下，您可以将其视为一个模块。

抽象为您提供了类的一般视图。

简而言之

抽象使用->封装 ＆ 封装使用->数据隐藏

OR

数据隐藏是封装和的子集 封装是抽象的一个子集

参考:http://www.tonymarston.co.uk/php-mysql/abstraction.txt

抽象和封装的区别。

抽象

抽象是提取所有现有和可预见实现的公共属性和字段的过程。

例如: 轿车是轿车、掀背车、SUV、双门跑车、敞篷车的抽象概念。 Car将具有所有类型的汽车所共有的所有属性和字段。

封装

封装是对用户隐藏不需要的细节的过程。这个术语来自于胶囊。就像药物隐藏在胶囊里一样。各种机器和设备和设备的细节，从搅拌机，自行车，洗衣机，收音机，电视到飞机。您不希望用户可以看到机器的所有细节。

在编程方面: 让我们考虑一个等级汽车。 在下面的例子中，所有用户需要知道的是转动键(turnKey()方法)，他不知道内部函数。用户不需要了解任何内部功能或内部组件。

在这种情况下，所有的私有方法都是内部函数，像“活塞p1”这样的私有字段是用户不需要知道的内部数据。

public class Car{

    private void startMotor(){ //do something }
    private void generateVoltage(){ //do something }
    private void sparkPlugIgnition(){ //do something }
    private void fuelFlowFromTankToInjector(){ //do something }
    private void pushPistonsDown() { 
               p1.doAction();
               p2.doAction();
               //do something    }
    private void moveCrankShaft(){ //do something }

    private Piston p1;
    private Piston p2;

    public void turnKey(){
        startMotor();
        generateVoltage();
        sparkPlugIgnition();
        fuelFlowFromTankToInjector();
        pushPistonsDown();
        moveCrankShat();
        ...
    }
}