反射可以在c++中实现，并且已经在c++中实现过。

它不是原生的c++特性，因为它有一个沉重的成本(内存和速度)，不应该由语言默认设置——语言是“默认最大性能”导向的。

因为你不应该为你不需要的东西付钱，而且正如你自己所说，编辑器比其他应用程序更需要它，那么它应该只在你需要的地方实现，而不是“强制”到所有的代码中(你不需要对你将在编辑器或其他类似应用程序中使用的所有数据进行反思)。

这基本上是因为它是一个“可选的额外项目”。许多人选择c++而不是Java和c#等语言，这样他们可以更好地控制编译器的输出，例如，一个更小和/或更快的程序。

如果您选择添加反射，有各种可用的解决方案。

c++是一种不需要反射的语言，因为c++是一种可以用来编写具有反射的语言的语言。

我相信，如果c++要用作数据库访问、Web会话处理/http和GUI开发的语言，那么c++中的反射是至关重要的。缺乏反射阻碍了orm(如Hibernate或LINQ)、实例化类的XML和JSON解析器、数据序列化和许多其他东西(最初必须使用无类型数据来创建类的实例)。

可以使用软件开发人员在构建过程中可用的编译时开关 为了消除这种“一分钱一分货”的顾虑。

我是一个固件开发人员，不需要反射来从串口读取数据——那么很好，不使用交换机。但是作为一个想要继续使用c++的数据库开发人员，我经常要面对一个可怕的、难以维护的代码，这些代码在数据成员和数据库结构之间映射数据。

无论是Boost序列化还是其他机制都不能真正解决反射问题——它必须由编译器来完成——一旦完成，c++将再次在学校中教授，并用于处理数据处理的软件中

对我来说，这是问题#1(而原生线程原语是问题#2)。

如果c++可以:

变量名、变量类型和const修饰符的类成员数据 函数参数迭代器(只有位置而不是名称) 函数名、返回类型和const修饰符的类成员数据 父类列表(与定义的顺序相同) 模板成员和父类的数据;扩展的模板(意味着实际的类型将可用于反射API，而不是“如何到达那里的模板信息”)

这足以在无类型数据处理的关键处创建非常容易使用的库，而无类型数据处理在当今的web和数据库应用程序中非常普遍 (所有的orm，消息传递机制，xml/json解析器，数据序列化等)。

例如，Q_PROPERTY宏(Qt框架的一部分)支持的基本信息 http://qt.nokia.com/doc/4.5/properties.html扩展到涵盖类方法和e) -将对c++和一般的软件社区非常有益。

当然，我所指的反射不会涵盖语义或更复杂的问题(如注释、源代码行号、数据流分析等)——但我也不认为这些是语言标准的一部分。

在c++中有几个关于反射的问题。

It's a lot of work to add, and the C++ committee is fairly conservative, and don't spend time on radical new features unless they're sure it'll pay off. (A suggestion for adding a module system similar to .NET assemblies has been made, and while I think there's general consensus that it'd be nice to have, it's not their top priority at the moment, and has been pushed back until well after C++0x. The motivation for this feature is to get rid of the #include system, but it would also enable at least some metadata). You don't pay for what you don't use. That's one of the must basic design philosophies underlying C++. Why should my code carry around metadata if I may never need it? Moreover, the addition of metadata may inhibit the compiler from optimizing. Why should I pay that cost in my code if I may never need that metadata? Which leads us to another big point: C++ makes very few guarantees about the compiled code. The compiler is allowed to do pretty much anything it likes, as long as the resulting functionality is what is expected. For example, your classes aren't required to actually be there. The compiler can optimize them away, inline everything they do, and it frequently does just that, because even simple template code tends to create quite a few template instantiations. The C++ standard library relies on this aggressive optimization. Functors are only performant if the overhead of instantiating and destructing the object can be optimized away. operator[] on a vector is only comparable to raw array indexing in performance because the entire operator can be inlined and thus removed entirely from the compiled code. C# and Java make a lot of guarantees about the output of the compiler. If I define a class in C#, then that class will exist in the resulting assembly. Even if I never use it. Even if all calls to its member functions could be inlined. The class has to be there, so that reflection can find it. Part of this is alleviated by C# compiling to bytecode, which means that the JIT compiler can remove class definitions and inline functions if it likes, even if the initial C# compiler can't. In C++, you only have one compiler, and it has to output efficient code. If you were allowed to inspect the metadata of a C++ executable, you'd expect to see every class it defined, which means that the compiler would have to preserve all the defined classes, even if they're not necessary. And then there are templates. Templates in C++ are nothing like generics in other languages. Every template instantiation creates a new type. std::vector<int> is a completely separate class from std::vector<float>. That adds up to a lot of different types in a entire program. What should our reflection see? The template std::vector? But how can it, since that's a source-code construct, which has no meaning at runtime? It'd have to see the separate classes std::vector<int> and std::vector<float>. And std::vector<int>::iterator and std::vector<float>::iterator, same for const_iterator and so on. And once you step into template metaprogramming, you quickly end up instantiating hundreds of templates, all of which get inlined and removed again by the compiler. They have no meaning, except as part of a compile-time metaprogram. Should all these hundreds of classes be visible to reflection? They'd have to, because otherwise our reflection would be useless, if it doesn't even guarantee that the classes I defined will actually be there. And a side problem is that the template class doesn't exist until it is instantiated. Imagine a program which uses std::vector<int>. Should our reflection system be able to see std::vector<int>::iterator? On one hand, you'd certainly expect so. It's an important class, and it's defined in terms of std::vector<int>, which does exist in the metadata. On the other hand, if the program never actually uses this iterator class template, its type will never have been instantiated, and so the compiler won't have generated the class in the first place. And it's too late to create it at runtime, since it requires access to the source code. And finally, reflection isn't quite as vital in C++ as it is in C#. The reason is again, template metaprogramming. It can't solve everything, but for many cases where you'd otherwise resort to reflection, it's possible to write a metaprogram which does the same thing at compile-time. boost::type_traits is a simple example. You want to know about type T? Check its type_traits. In C#, you'd have to fish around after its type using reflection. Reflection would still be useful for some things (the main use I can see, which metaprogramming can't easily replace, is for autogenerated serialization code), but it would carry some significant costs for C++, and it's just not necessary as often as it is in other languages.

编辑: 在回应评论时:

cdleary: Yes, debug symbols do something similar, in that they store metadata about the types used in the executable. But they also suffer from the problems I described. If you've ever tried debugging a release build, you'll know what I mean. There are large logical gaps where you created a class in the source code, which has gotten inlined away in the final code. If you were to use reflection for anything useful, you'd need it to be more reliable and consistent. As it is, types would be vanishing and disappearing almost every time you compile. You change a tiny little detail, and the compiler decides to change which types get inlined and which ones don't, as a response. How do you extract anything useful from that, when you're not even guaranteed that the most relevant types will be represented in your metadata? The type you were looking for may have been there in the last build, but now it's gone. And tomorrow, someone will check in a small innocent change to a small innocent function, which makes the type just big enough that it won't get completely inlined, so it'll be back again. That's still useful for debug symbols, but not much more than that. I'd hate trying to generate serialization code for a class under those terms.

Evan Teran: Of course these issues could be resolved. But that falls back to my point #1. It'd take a lot of work, and the C++ committee has plenty of things they feel is more important. Is the benefit of getting some limited reflection (and it would be limited) in C++ really big enough to justify focusing on that at the expense of other features? Is there really a huge benefit in adding features the core language which can already (mostly) be done through libraries and preprocessors like QT's? Perhaps, but the need is a lot less urgent than if such libraries didn't exist. For your specific suggestions though, I believe disallowing it on templates would make it completely useless. You'd be unable to use reflection on the standard library, for example. What kind of reflection wouldn't let you see a std::vector? Templates are a huge part of C++. A feature that doesn't work on templates is basically useless.

But you're right, some form of reflection could be implemented. But it'd be a major change in the language. As it is now, types are exclusively a compile-time construct. They exist for the benefit of the compiler, and nothing else. Once the code has been compiled, there are no classes. If you stretch yourself, you could argue that functions still exist, but really, all there is is a bunch of jump assembler instructions, and a lot of stack push/pop's. There's not much to go on, when adding such metadata.

但就像我说的，有一个修改编译模型的建议，添加自包含的模块，为选择的类型存储元数据，允许其他模块引用它们，而不必使用#includes。这是一个很好的开始，说实话，我很惊讶标准委员会没有因为这个改变太大而把这个提议否决掉。所以也许在5-10年后?：）