在c#中using关键字有以下两种用法。

As a directive Generally we use the using keyword to add namespaces in code-behind and class files. Then it makes available all the classes, interfaces and abstract classes and their methods and properties in the current page. Example: using System.IO; As a statement This is another way to use the using keyword in C#. It plays a vital role in improving performance in garbage collection. The using statement ensures that Dispose() is called even if an exception occurs when you are creating objects and calling methods, properties and so on. Dispose() is a method that is present in the IDisposable interface that helps to implement custom garbage collection. In other words if I am doing some database operation (Insert, Update, Delete) but somehow an exception occurs then here the using statement closes the connection automatically. No need to call the connection Close() method explicitly. Another important factor is that it helps in Connection Pooling. Connection Pooling in .NET helps to eliminate the closing of a database connection multiple times. It sends the connection object to a pool for future use (next database call). The next time a database connection is called from your application the connection pool fetches the objects available in the pool. So it helps to improve the performance of the application. So when we use the using statement the controller sends the object to the connection pool automatically, there is no need to call the Close() and Dispose() methods explicitly. You can do the same as what the using statement is doing by using try-catch block and call the Dispose() inside the finally block explicitly. But the using statement does the calls automatically to make the code cleaner and more elegant. Within the using block, the object is read-only and cannot be modified or reassigned. Example: string connString = "Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=Northwind;"; using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString)) { SqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand(); cmd.CommandText = "SELECT CustomerId, CompanyName FROM Customers"; conn.Open(); using (SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader()) { while (dr.Read()) Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}", dr.GetString(0), dr.GetString(1)); } }

在前面的代码中，我没有关闭任何连接;它会自动关闭。由于using语句(using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connString))， using语句将自动调用conn. close()，对于SqlDataReader对象也是如此。并且如果发生任何异常，它将自动关闭连接。

有关更多信息，请参见在c#中使用的用法和重要性。

Microsoft documentation states that using has a double function (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zhdeatwt.aspx), both as a directive and in statements. As a statement, as it was pointed out here in other answers, the keyword is basically syntactic sugar to determine a scope to dispose an IDisposable object. As a directive, it is routinely used to import namespaces and types. Also as a directive, you can create aliases for namespaces and types, as pointed out in the book "C# 5.0 In a Nutshell: The Definitive Guide" (http://www.amazon.com/5-0-Nutshell-The-Definitive-Reference-ebook/dp/B008E6I1K8), by Joseph and Ben Albahari. One example:

namespace HelloWorld
{
    using AppFunc = Func<IDictionary<DateTime, string>, List<string>>;
    public class Startup
    {
        public static AppFunc OrderEvents() 
        {
            AppFunc appFunc = (IDictionary<DateTime, string> events) =>
            {
                if ((events != null) && (events.Count > 0))
                {
                    List<string> result = events.OrderBy(ev => ev.Key)
                        .Select(ev => ev.Value)
                        .ToList();
                    return result;
                }
                throw new ArgumentException("Event dictionary is null or empty.");
            };
            return appFunc;
        }
    }
}

这是一种明智的做法，因为滥用这种做法会损害代码的清晰性。在DotNetPearls (http://www.dotnetperls.com/using-alias)中有一个关于c#别名的很好的解释，也提到了优点和缺点。

使用using语句的原因是为了确保对象一旦超出作用域就会被释放，并且不需要显式代码来确保发生这种情况。

正如在理解c#中的“using”语句(codeproject)和使用实现IDisposable的对象(microsoft)中，c#编译器转换

using (MyResource myRes = new MyResource())
{
    myRes.DoSomething();
}

to

{ // Limits scope of myRes
    MyResource myRes= new MyResource();
    try
    {
        myRes.DoSomething();
    }
    finally
    {
        // Check for a null resource.
        if (myRes != null)
            // Call the object's Dispose method.
            ((IDisposable)myRes).Dispose();
    }
}

c# 8引入了一个新的语法，命名为“using declarations”:

using声明是一个前面有using关键字的变量声明。它告诉编译器，所声明的变量应该在封闭作用域的末尾被处理。

所以上面的等效代码是:

using var myRes = new MyResource();
myRes.DoSomething();

当控制离开包含范围(通常是一个方法，但也可以是一个代码块)时，myRes将被释放。

对我来说，“using”这个名字有点令人困惑，因为它可以是一个导入Namespace的指令，也可以是一个用于错误处理的语句(就像这里讨论的那样)。

为错误处理取一个不同的名字会很好，而且可能是一个更明显的名字。

它也可以用于创建作用域，例如:

class LoggerScope:IDisposable {
   static ThreadLocal<LoggerScope> threadScope = 
        new ThreadLocal<LoggerScope>();
   private LoggerScope previous;

   public static LoggerScope Current=> threadScope.Value;

   public bool WithTime{get;}

   public LoggerScope(bool withTime){
       previous = threadScope.Value;
       threadScope.Value = this;
       WithTime=withTime;
   }

   public void Dispose(){
       threadScope.Value = previous;
   }
}


class Program {
   public static void Main(params string[] args){
       new Program().Run();
   }

   public void Run(){
      log("something happend!");
      using(new LoggerScope(false)){
          log("the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog!");
          using(new LoggerScope(true)){
              log("nested scope!");
          }
      }
   }

   void log(string message){
      if(LoggerScope.Current!=null){
          Console.WriteLine(message);
          if(LoggerScope.Current.WithTime){
             Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now);
          }
      }
   }

}

只是添加了一点我很惊讶没有出现的东西。using最有趣的特性(在我看来)是无论你如何退出using块，它总是会释放对象。这包括返回和异常。

using (var db = new DbContext())
{
    if(db.State == State.Closed)
        throw new Exception("Database connection is closed.");
    return db.Something.ToList();
}

这与是否抛出异常或是否返回列表无关。DbContext对象总是会被释放。