PHP将所有数组都视为关联数组,因此没有任何内置函数。谁能推荐一种相当有效的方法来检查数组是否“是一个列表”(只包含从0开始的数字键)?
基本上,我希望能够区分这些:
$sequentialArray = [
'apple', 'orange', 'tomato', 'carrot'
];
这:
$assocArray = [
'fruit1' => 'apple',
'fruit2' => 'orange',
'veg1' => 'tomato',
'veg2' => 'carrot'
];
我认为标量数组的定义因应用程序而异。也就是说,一些应用程序将需要更严格的定义标量数组,而一些应用程序将需要更宽松的定义。
下面我将介绍3种不同严格程度的方法。
<?php
/**
* Since PHP stores all arrays as associative internally, there is no proper
* definition of a scalar array.
*
* As such, developers are likely to have varying definitions of scalar array,
* based on their application needs.
*
* In this file, I present 3 increasingly strict methods of determining if an
* array is scalar.
*
* @author David Farrell <DavidPFarrell@gmail.com>
*/
/**
* isArrayWithOnlyIntKeys defines a scalar array as containing
* only integer keys.
*
* If you are explicitly setting integer keys on an array, you
* may need this function to determine scalar-ness.
*
* @param array $a
* @return boolean
*/
function isArrayWithOnlyIntKeys(array $a)
{
if (!is_array($a))
return false;
foreach ($a as $k => $v)
if (!is_int($k))
return false;
return true;
}
/**
* isArrayWithOnlyAscendingIntKeys defines a scalar array as
* containing only integer keys in ascending (but not necessarily
* sequential) order.
*
* If you are performing pushes, pops, and unsets on your array,
* you may need this function to determine scalar-ness.
*
* @param array $a
* @return boolean
*/
function isArrayWithOnlyAscendingIntKeys(array $a)
{
if (!is_array($a))
return false;
$prev = null;
foreach ($a as $k => $v)
{
if (!is_int($k) || (null !== $prev && $k <= $prev))
return false;
$prev = $k;
}
return true;
}
/**
* isArrayWithOnlyZeroBasedSequentialIntKeys defines a scalar array
* as containing only integer keys in sequential, ascending order,
* starting from 0.
*
* If you are only performing operations on your array that are
* guaranteed to either maintain consistent key values, or that
* re-base the keys for consistency, then you can use this function.
*
* @param array $a
* @return boolean
*/
function isArrayWithOnlyZeroBasedSequentialIntKeys(array $a)
{
if (!is_array($a))
return false;
$i = 0;
foreach ($a as $k => $v)
if ($i++ !== $k)
return false;
return true;
}
我已经使用了array_keys($obj) !== range(0, count($obj) - 1)和array_values($arr) !== $arr(它们是彼此的对偶,尽管第二个比第一个更便宜),但对于非常大的数组都失败了。
这是因为array_keys和array_values都是非常昂贵的操作(因为它们构建了一个大小与原始数组大致相同的全新数组)。
下面的函数比上面提供的方法更健壮:
function array_type( $obj ){
$last_key = -1;
$type = 'index';
foreach( $obj as $key => $val ){
if( !is_int( $key ) || $key < 0 ){
return 'assoc';
}
if( $key !== $last_key + 1 ){
$type = 'sparse';
}
$last_key = $key;
}
return $type;
}
还要注意,如果你不关心区分稀疏数组和关联数组,你可以简单地从两个if块中返回'assoc'。
最后,虽然这可能看起来没有本页上的许多“解决方案”那么“优雅”,但实际上它的效率要高得多。几乎任何关联数组都会立即被检测到。只有索引数组才会被彻底检查,上面列出的方法不仅会彻底检查索引数组,还会复制它们。