/*
iszba - Is Zero Based Array

Detects if an array is zero based or not.

PARAMS:
    $chkvfnc
        Callback in the loop allows to check the values of each element.
        Signature:
            bool function chkvfnc($v);
            return:
                true    continue looping
                false   stop looping; iszba returns false too.

NOTES:
○ assert: $array is an array.
○ May be memory efficient;
  it doesn't get extra arrays via array_keys() or ranges() into the function.
○ Is pretty fast without a callback.
○ With callback it's ~2.4 times slower.
*/
function iszba($array, $chkvfnc=null){

    $ncb = !$chkvfnc;
    $i = 0;

    foreach($array as $k => $v){
        if($k === $i++)
            if($ncb || $chkvfnc($v))
                continue;

        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

•没有回调，比当前领先的回答快30%。 而且可能内存效率更高。

•只需对答案求反，就可以知道数组是否应该被认为是关联的。

这个函数可以处理:

索引有孔的数组(例如1、2、4、5、8、10) 带有“0x”键的数组:例如，键“08”是关联的，键“8”是顺序的。

思想很简单:如果其中一个键不是整数，它就是关联数组，否则就是顺序数组。

function is_asso($a){
    foreach(array_keys($a) as $key) {if (!is_int($key)) return TRUE;}
    return FALSE;
}

几天前我又遇到了这个问题，我想利用array_merge特殊属性:

如果输入数组具有相同的字符串键，则该键的后一个值将覆盖前一个值。但是，如果数组包含数字键，则后一个值不会覆盖原始值，而是被追加。输入数组中具有数字键的值将使用结果数组中从0开始的递增键重新编号。 所以为什么不使用:

function Is_Indexed_Arr($arr){
    $arr_copy = $arr;
    if((2*count($arr)) == count(array_merge($arr, $arr_copy))){
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

我认为标量数组的定义因应用程序而异。也就是说，一些应用程序将需要更严格的定义标量数组，而一些应用程序将需要更宽松的定义。

下面我将介绍3种不同严格程度的方法。

<?php
/**
 * Since PHP stores all arrays as associative internally, there is no proper
 * definition of a scalar array.
 * 
 * As such, developers are likely to have varying definitions of scalar array,
 * based on their application needs.
 * 
 * In this file, I present 3 increasingly strict methods of determining if an
 * array is scalar.
 * 
 * @author David Farrell <DavidPFarrell@gmail.com>
 */

/**
 * isArrayWithOnlyIntKeys defines a scalar array as containing
 * only integer keys.
 * 
 * If you are explicitly setting integer keys on an array, you
 * may need this function to determine scalar-ness.
 * 
 * @param array $a
 * @return boolean
 */ 
function isArrayWithOnlyIntKeys(array $a)
{
    if (!is_array($a))
        return false;
    foreach ($a as $k => $v)
        if (!is_int($k))
            return false;
    return true;
}

/**
 * isArrayWithOnlyAscendingIntKeys defines a scalar array as
 * containing only integer keys in ascending (but not necessarily
 * sequential) order.
 * 
 * If you are performing pushes, pops, and unsets on your array,
 * you may need this function to determine scalar-ness.
 * 
 * @param array $a
 * @return boolean
 */ 
function isArrayWithOnlyAscendingIntKeys(array $a)
{
    if (!is_array($a))
        return false;
    $prev = null;
    foreach ($a as $k => $v)
    {
        if (!is_int($k) || (null !== $prev && $k <= $prev))
            return false;
        $prev = $k;
    }
    return true;
}

/**
 * isArrayWithOnlyZeroBasedSequentialIntKeys defines a scalar array
 * as containing only integer keys in sequential, ascending order,
 * starting from 0.
 * 
 * If you are only performing operations on your array that are
 * guaranteed to either maintain consistent key values, or that
 * re-base the keys for consistency, then you can use this function.
 * 
 * @param array $a
 * @return boolean
 */
function isArrayWithOnlyZeroBasedSequentialIntKeys(array $a)
{
    if (!is_array($a))
        return false;
    $i = 0;
    foreach ($a as $k => $v)
        if ($i++ !== $k)
            return false;
    return true;
}

对于使用Laravel的用户:

如果给定数组是关联数组，则isAssoc返回true。如果数组没有以0开头的连续数字键，则数组被认为是“关联的”:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);

// true

$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc([1, 2, 3]);

// false

https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/helpers#method-array-isassoc

只是补充我的意见，我认为它应该是相当有效的基于@nonsensei的基准，以及清晰易读:

function is_associative(array $array): bool
{
    foreach ($array as $key => $value)
    {
        if (!is_string($key)) return false;
    }
    return true;
}