PHP 8.1增加了一个内置函数来确定数组是否是具有这些语义的列表。函数是array_is_list:

$list = ["a", "b", "c"];

array_is_list($list); // true

$notAList = [1 => "a", 2 => "b", 3 => "c"];

array_is_list($notAList); // false

$alsoNotAList = ["a" => "a", "b" => "b", "c" => "c"];

array_is_list($alsoNotAList); // false

参考

速度明智:

function isAssoc($array)
{
    return ($array !== array_values($array));
}

Memory-wise:

function isAssoc($array)
{
    $array = array_keys($array); return ($array !== array_keys($array));
}

除非PHP有这样的内置功能，否则您无法在小于O(n)的时间内完成—枚举所有键并检查整数类型。事实上，你还想确保没有漏洞，所以你的算法可能是这样的:

for i in 0 to len(your_array):
    if not defined(your-array[i]):
        # this is not an array array, it's an associative array :)

但为什么要麻烦呢?只需假设数组是您所期望的类型。如果不是，它就会在你面前爆炸——这就是动态编程!测试你的代码，一切都会很好……

检查数组是否有所有的关联键。使用stdClass & get_object_vars ^):

$assocArray = array('fruit1' => 'apple', 
                    'fruit2' => 'orange', 
                    'veg1' => 'tomato', 
                    'veg2' => 'carrot');

$assoc_object = (object) $assocArray;
$isAssoc = (count($assocArray) === count (get_object_vars($assoc_object)));  
var_dump($isAssoc); // true

为什么?函数get_object_vars只返回可访问的属性(请参阅在将数组转换为对象期间发生的更多信息)。然后，只是逻辑上:如果基本数组元素的计数等于对象的可访问属性的计数-所有键都是关联的。

一些测试:

$assocArray = array('apple', 'orange', 'tomato', 'carrot');
$assoc_object = (object) $assocArray; 
$isAssoc = (count($assocArray) === count (get_object_vars($assoc_object)));
var_dump($isAssoc); // false 
//...

$assocArray = array( 0 => 'apple', 'orange', 'tomato', '4' => 'carrot');
$assoc_object = (object) $assocArray; 
$isAssoc = (count($assocArray) === count (get_object_vars($assoc_object)));
var_dump($isAssoc); // false 

//... 
$assocArray = array('fruit1' => 'apple', 
                    NULL => 'orange', 
                    'veg1' => 'tomato', 
                    'veg2' => 'carrot');

$assoc_object = (object) $assocArray;
$isAssoc = (count($assocArray) === count (get_object_vars($assoc_object)));  
var_dump($isAssoc); //false

Etc.

对于使用Laravel的用户:

如果给定数组是关联数组，则isAssoc返回true。如果数组没有以0开头的连续数字键，则数组被认为是“关联的”:

use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc(['product' => ['name' => 'Desk', 'price' => 100]]);

// true

$isAssoc = Arr::isAssoc([1, 2, 3]);

// false

https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/helpers#method-array-isassoc

/*
iszba - Is Zero Based Array

Detects if an array is zero based or not.

PARAMS:
    $chkvfnc
        Callback in the loop allows to check the values of each element.
        Signature:
            bool function chkvfnc($v);
            return:
                true    continue looping
                false   stop looping; iszba returns false too.

NOTES:
○ assert: $array is an array.
○ May be memory efficient;
  it doesn't get extra arrays via array_keys() or ranges() into the function.
○ Is pretty fast without a callback.
○ With callback it's ~2.4 times slower.
*/
function iszba($array, $chkvfnc=null){

    $ncb = !$chkvfnc;
    $i = 0;

    foreach($array as $k => $v){
        if($k === $i++)
            if($ncb || $chkvfnc($v))
                continue;

        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

•没有回调，比当前领先的回答快30%。 而且可能内存效率更高。

•只需对答案求反，就可以知道数组是否应该被认为是关联的。