COPY table_name FROM 'path/to/data.csv' DELIMITER ',' CSV HEADER;

在Python中，你可以使用这段代码自动创建带有列名的PostgreSQL表:

import pandas, csv

from io import StringIO
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

def psql_insert_copy(table, conn, keys, data_iter):
    dbapi_conn = conn.connection
    with dbapi_conn.cursor() as cur:
        s_buf = StringIO()
        writer = csv.writer(s_buf)
        writer.writerows(data_iter)
        s_buf.seek(0)
        columns = ', '.join('"{}"'.format(k) for k in keys)
        if table.schema:
            table_name = '{}.{}'.format(table.schema, table.name)
        else:
            table_name = table.name
        sql = 'COPY {} ({}) FROM STDIN WITH CSV'.format(table_name, columns)
        cur.copy_expert(sql=sql, file=s_buf)

engine = create_engine('postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/my_db')

df = pandas.read_csv("my.csv")
df.to_sql('my_table', engine, schema='my_schema', method=psql_insert_copy)

它的速度也相对较快。我可以在大约4分钟内导入330多万行。

如果你需要一个简单的机制来导入文本/解析多行CSV内容，你可以使用:

CREATE TABLE t   -- OR INSERT INTO tab(col_names)
AS
SELECT
   t.f[1] AS col1
  ,t.f[2]::int AS col2
  ,t.f[3]::date AS col3
  ,t.f[4] AS col4
FROM (
  SELECT regexp_split_to_array(l, ',') AS f
  FROM regexp_split_to_table(
$$a,1,2016-01-01,bbb
c,2,2018-01-01,ddd
e,3,2019-01-01,eee$$, '\n') AS l) t;

DBFiddle演示

DBeaver社区版(DBeaver .io)使得连接到数据库，然后导入CSV文件上传到PostgreSQL数据库变得很简单。它还可以方便地发出查询、检索数据以及将结果集下载为CSV、JSON、SQL或其他常见数据格式。

它是一个面向SQL程序员、dba和分析师的自由/开源多平台数据库工具，支持所有流行的数据库:MySQL、PostgreSQL、SQLite、Oracle、DB2、SQL Server、Sybase、MS Access、Teradata、Firebird、Hive、Presto等。对于Postgres的TOAD, SQL Server的TOAD，或者Oracle的TOAD，它是一个可行的自由/开源软件竞争对手。

I have no affiliation with DBeaver. I love the price (FREE!) and full functionality, but I wish they would open up this DBeaver/Eclipse application more and make it easy to add analytics widgets to DBeaver / Eclipse, rather than requiring users to pay for the $199 annual subscription just to create graphs and charts directly within the application. My Java coding skills are rusty and I don't feel like taking weeks to relearn how to build Eclipse widgets, (only to find that DBeaver has probably disabled the ability to add third-party widgets to the DBeaver Community Edition.)

使用下面的SQL代码:

copy table_name(atribute1,attribute2,attribute3...)
from 'E:\test.csv' delimiter ',' csv header

header关键字让DBMS知道CSV文件有一个带有属性的头。

欲了解更多信息，请访问导入CSV文件到PostgreSQL表。

看看这篇短文吧。

解决方案如下:

创建你的表:

CREATE TABLE zip_codes
(ZIP char(5), LATITUDE double precision, LONGITUDE double precision,
CITY varchar, STATE char(2), COUNTY varchar, ZIP_CLASS varchar);

将数据从CSV文件复制到表中:

COPY zip_codes FROM '/path/to/csv/ZIP_CODES.txt' WITH (FORMAT csv);