我查看了LabelEncoder的源代码(https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/blob/master/sklearn/preprocessing/label.py)。它基于一组numpy变换，其中一个是np.unique()。这个函数只接受一维数组输入。(如果我说错了请指正)。

非常粗略的想法…… 首先，确定哪些列需要LabelEncoder，然后循环遍历每个列。

def cat_var(df): 
    """Identify categorical features. 

    Parameters
    ----------
    df: original df after missing operations 

    Returns
    -------
    cat_var_df: summary df with col index and col name for all categorical vars
    """
    col_type = df.dtypes
    col_names = list(df)

    cat_var_index = [i for i, x in enumerate(col_type) if x=='object']
    cat_var_name = [x for i, x in enumerate(col_names) if i in cat_var_index]

    cat_var_df = pd.DataFrame({'cat_ind': cat_var_index, 
                               'cat_name': cat_var_name})

    return cat_var_df



from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder 

def column_encoder(df, cat_var_list):
    """Encoding categorical feature in the dataframe

    Parameters
    ----------
    df: input dataframe 
    cat_var_list: categorical feature index and name, from cat_var function

    Return
    ------
    df: new dataframe where categorical features are encoded
    label_list: classes_ attribute for all encoded features 
    """

    label_list = []
    cat_var_df = cat_var(df)
    cat_list = cat_var_df.loc[:, 'cat_name']

    for index, cat_feature in enumerate(cat_list): 

        le = LabelEncoder()

        le.fit(df.loc[:, cat_feature])    
        label_list.append(list(le.classes_))

        df.loc[:, cat_feature] = le.transform(df.loc[:, cat_feature])

    return df, label_list

返回的df将是编码后的df, label_list将显示所有这些值在相应列中的含义。 这是我为工作编写的数据处理脚本的一个片段。如果你觉得还有什么改进的地方，请告诉我。

编辑: 这里只想提一下，上述方法在处理数据帧时不会遗漏最佳数据。不确定它是如何工作的数据帧包含丢失的数据。(在执行上述方法之前，我已经处理了缺失过程)

下面是我一次性转换多列的解决方案，以及精确的inverse_transform

from sklearn import preprocessing
columns = ['buying','maint','lug_boot','safety','cls']  # columns names where transform is required
for X in columns:
  exec(f'le_{X} = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()')  #create label encoder with name "le_X", where X is column name
  exec(f'df.{X} = le_{X}.fit_transform(df.{X})')  #execute fit transform for column X with respective lable encoder "le_X", where X is column name
df.head()  # to display transformed results

for X in columns:
  exec(f'df.{X} = le_{X}.inverse_transform(df.{X})')  #execute inverse_transform for column X with respective lable encoder "le_X", where X is column name
df.head() # to display Inverse transformed results of df

你可以很容易地做到，

df.apply(LabelEncoder().fit_transform)

EDIT2:

在scikit-learn 0.20中，推荐的方法是

OneHotEncoder().fit_transform(df)

因为OneHotEncoder现在支持字符串输入。 使用ColumnTransformer可以只对某些列应用OneHotEncoder。

编辑:

由于这个最初的答案是一年多前的，并获得了许多赞(包括赏金)，我可能应该进一步扩展它。

对于inverse_transform和transform，你需要做一点修改。

from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(LabelEncoder)

这样，您现在将所有列LabelEncoder保留为字典。

# Encoding the variable
fit = df.apply(lambda x: d[x.name].fit_transform(x))

# Inverse the encoded
fit.apply(lambda x: d[x.name].inverse_transform(x))

# Using the dictionary to label future data
df.apply(lambda x: d[x.name].transform(x))

MOAR编辑:

使用Neuraxle的flatforeach步骤，也可以在一次对所有平坦数据使用相同的LabelEncoder:

FlattenForEach(LabelEncoder(), then_unflatten=True).fit_transform(df)

要根据数据列使用单独的LabelEncoders，或者如果只有一些数据列需要进行标签编码，而不需要其他数据列，那么使用ColumnTransformer是一种解决方案，它允许对列选择和LabelEncoder实例进行更多控制。

正如larsmans提到的，LabelEncoder()只接受1维数组作为参数。也就是说，可以很容易地滚动自己的标签编码器，对您选择的多个列进行操作，并返回转换后的数据框架。我在这里的代码部分基于Zac Stewart的优秀博客文章。

创建自定义编码器只需要创建一个响应fit()、transform()和fit_transform()方法的类。对你来说，一个好的开始可能是这样的:

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline

# Create some toy data in a Pandas dataframe
fruit_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'fruit':  ['apple','orange','pear','orange'],
    'color':  ['red','orange','green','green'],
    'weight': [5,6,3,4]
})

class MultiColumnLabelEncoder:
    def __init__(self,columns = None):
        self.columns = columns # array of column names to encode

    def fit(self,X,y=None):
        return self # not relevant here

    def transform(self,X):
        '''
        Transforms columns of X specified in self.columns using
        LabelEncoder(). If no columns specified, transforms all
        columns in X.
        '''
        output = X.copy()
        if self.columns is not None:
            for col in self.columns:
                output[col] = LabelEncoder().fit_transform(output[col])
        else:
            for colname,col in output.iteritems():
                output[colname] = LabelEncoder().fit_transform(col)
        return output

    def fit_transform(self,X,y=None):
        return self.fit(X,y).transform(X)

假设我们想对两个分类属性(fruit和color)进行编码，而不使用数字属性权重。我们可以这样做:

MultiColumnLabelEncoder(columns = ['fruit','color']).fit_transform(fruit_data)

它转换了我们的fruit_data数据集

to

传递给它一个完全由分类变量组成的数据框架，省略columns参数将导致每个列都被编码(我相信这是你最初寻找的):

MultiColumnLabelEncoder().fit_transform(fruit_data.drop('weight',axis=1))

这个转换

to

.

请注意，当它试图编码已经是数值的属性时可能会阻塞(如果您愿意，可以添加一些代码来处理这个问题)。

另一个很好的特性是我们可以在管道中使用这个自定义转换器:

encoding_pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('encoding',MultiColumnLabelEncoder(columns=['fruit','color']))
    # add more pipeline steps as needed
])
encoding_pipeline.fit_transform(fruit_data)

如果你拥有object类型的所有特征，那么上面写的第一个答案很好https://stackoverflow.com/a/31939145/5840973。

但是，假设我们有混合类型的列。然后，我们可以以编程方式获取类型对象类型名称的特征列表，然后对它们进行标签编码。

#Fetch features of type Object
objFeatures = dataframe.select_dtypes(include="object").columns

#Iterate a loop for features of type object
from sklearn import preprocessing
le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()

for feat in objFeatures:
    dataframe[feat] = le.fit_transform(dataframe[feat].astype(str))
 

dataframe.info()

这是一年半后的事实，但我也需要能够。transform()多个熊猫数据帧列一次(以及能够。inverse_transform()他们)。这扩展了上面@PriceHardman的优秀建议:

class MultiColumnLabelEncoder(LabelEncoder):
    """
    Wraps sklearn LabelEncoder functionality for use on multiple columns of a
    pandas dataframe.

    """
    def __init__(self, columns=None):
        self.columns = columns

    def fit(self, dframe):
        """
        Fit label encoder to pandas columns.

        Access individual column classes via indexig `self.all_classes_`

        Access individual column encoders via indexing
        `self.all_encoders_`
        """
        # if columns are provided, iterate through and get `classes_`
        if self.columns is not None:
            # ndarray to hold LabelEncoder().classes_ for each
            # column; should match the shape of specified `columns`
            self.all_classes_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                           dtype=object)
            self.all_encoders_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                            dtype=object)
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                # fit LabelEncoder to get `classes_` for the column
                le = LabelEncoder()
                le.fit(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
                # append the `classes_` to our ndarray container
                self.all_classes_[idx] = (column,
                                          np.array(le.classes_.tolist(),
                                                  dtype=object))
                # append this column's encoder
                self.all_encoders_[idx] = le
        else:
            # no columns specified; assume all are to be encoded
            self.columns = dframe.iloc[:, :].columns
            self.all_classes_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                           dtype=object)
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                le = LabelEncoder()
                le.fit(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
                self.all_classes_[idx] = (column,
                                          np.array(le.classes_.tolist(),
                                                  dtype=object))
                self.all_encoders_[idx] = le
        return self

    def fit_transform(self, dframe):
        """
        Fit label encoder and return encoded labels.

        Access individual column classes via indexing
        `self.all_classes_`

        Access individual column encoders via indexing
        `self.all_encoders_`

        Access individual column encoded labels via indexing
        `self.all_labels_`
        """
        # if columns are provided, iterate through and get `classes_`
        if self.columns is not None:
            # ndarray to hold LabelEncoder().classes_ for each
            # column; should match the shape of specified `columns`
            self.all_classes_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                           dtype=object)
            self.all_encoders_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                            dtype=object)
            self.all_labels_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                          dtype=object)
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                # instantiate LabelEncoder
                le = LabelEncoder()
                # fit and transform labels in the column
                dframe.loc[:, column] =\
                    le.fit_transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
                # append the `classes_` to our ndarray container
                self.all_classes_[idx] = (column,
                                          np.array(le.classes_.tolist(),
                                                  dtype=object))
                self.all_encoders_[idx] = le
                self.all_labels_[idx] = le
        else:
            # no columns specified; assume all are to be encoded
            self.columns = dframe.iloc[:, :].columns
            self.all_classes_ = np.ndarray(shape=self.columns.shape,
                                           dtype=object)
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                le = LabelEncoder()
                dframe.loc[:, column] = le.fit_transform(
                        dframe.loc[:, column].values)
                self.all_classes_[idx] = (column,
                                          np.array(le.classes_.tolist(),
                                                  dtype=object))
                self.all_encoders_[idx] = le
        return dframe.loc[:, self.columns].values

    def transform(self, dframe):
        """
        Transform labels to normalized encoding.
        """
        if self.columns is not None:
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                dframe.loc[:, column] = self.all_encoders_[
                    idx].transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
        else:
            self.columns = dframe.iloc[:, :].columns
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                dframe.loc[:, column] = self.all_encoders_[idx]\
                    .transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
        return dframe.loc[:, self.columns].values

    def inverse_transform(self, dframe):
        """
        Transform labels back to original encoding.
        """
        if self.columns is not None:
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                dframe.loc[:, column] = self.all_encoders_[idx]\
                    .inverse_transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
        else:
            self.columns = dframe.iloc[:, :].columns
            for idx, column in enumerate(self.columns):
                dframe.loc[:, column] = self.all_encoders_[idx]\
                    .inverse_transform(dframe.loc[:, column].values)
        return dframe.loc[:, self.columns].values

例子:

如果df和df_copy()是混合类型的pandas数据帧，你可以将MultiColumnLabelEncoder()应用到dtype=object列上，方法如下:

# get `object` columns
df_object_columns = df.iloc[:, :].select_dtypes(include=['object']).columns
df_copy_object_columns = df_copy.iloc[:, :].select_dtypes(include=['object']).columns

# instantiate `MultiColumnLabelEncoder`
mcle = MultiColumnLabelEncoder(columns=object_columns)

# fit to `df` data
mcle.fit(df)

# transform the `df` data
mcle.transform(df)

# returns output like below
array([[1, 0, 0, ..., 1, 1, 0],
       [0, 5, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],
       [1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],
       ..., 
       [3, 5, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],

# transform `df_copy` data
mcle.transform(df_copy)

# returns output like below (assuming the respective columns 
# of `df_copy` contain the same unique values as that particular 
# column in `df`
array([[1, 0, 0, ..., 1, 1, 0],
       [0, 5, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],
       [1, 1, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],
       ..., 
       [3, 5, 1, ..., 1, 1, 2],

# inverse `df` data
mcle.inverse_transform(df)

# outputs data like below
array([['August', 'Friday', '2013', ..., 'N', 'N', 'CA'],
       ['April', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['August', 'Monday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ..., 
       ['February', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['April', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['March', 'Tuesday', '2013', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ']], dtype=object)

# inverse `df_copy` data
mcle.inverse_transform(df_copy)

# outputs data like below
array([['August', 'Friday', '2013', ..., 'N', 'N', 'CA'],
       ['April', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['August', 'Monday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ..., 
       ['February', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['April', 'Tuesday', '2014', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ'],
       ['March', 'Tuesday', '2013', ..., 'N', 'N', 'NJ']], dtype=object)

你可以通过索引访问单独的列类、列标签和用于适合每个列的列编码器:

mcle.all_classes_ mcle.all_encoders_ mcle.all_labels_