Here's a solution that doesn't require creating a function or listing all instances of characters to replace. It uses a recursive WITH statement in combination with a PATINDEX to find unwanted chars. It will replace all unwanted chars in a column - up to 100 unique bad characters contained in any given string. (E.G. "ABC123DEF234" would contain 4 bad characters 1, 2, 3 and 4) The 100 limit is the maximum number of recursions allowed in a WITH statement, but this doesn't impose a limit on the number of rows to process, which is only limited by the memory available. If you don't want DISTINCT results, you can remove the two options from the code.

-- Create some test data:
SELECT * INTO #testData 
FROM (VALUES ('ABC DEF,K.l(p)'),('123H,J,234'),('ABCD EFG')) as t(TXT)

-- Actual query:
-- Remove non-alpha chars: '%[^A-Z]%'
-- Remove non-alphanumeric chars: '%[^A-Z0-9]%'
DECLARE @BadCharacterPattern VARCHAR(250) = '%[^A-Z]%';

WITH recurMain as (
    SELECT DISTINCT CAST(TXT AS VARCHAR(250)) AS TXT, PATINDEX(@BadCharacterPattern, TXT) AS BadCharIndex
    FROM #testData
    UNION ALL
    SELECT CAST(TXT AS VARCHAR(250)) AS TXT, PATINDEX(@BadCharacterPattern, TXT) AS BadCharIndex
    FROM (
        SELECT 
            CASE WHEN BadCharIndex > 0 
                THEN REPLACE(TXT, SUBSTRING(TXT, BadCharIndex, 1), '')
                ELSE TXT 
            END AS TXT
        FROM recurMain
        WHERE BadCharIndex > 0
    ) badCharFinder
)
SELECT DISTINCT TXT
FROM recurMain
WHERE BadCharIndex = 0;

我知道SQL不擅长字符串操作，但我没想到它会这么难。下面是一个简单的函数，用于从字符串中剥离所有数字。当然还有更好的办法，但这只是个开始。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.AlphaOnly (
    @String varchar(100)
)
RETURNS varchar(100)
AS BEGIN
  RETURN (
    REPLACE(
      REPLACE(
        REPLACE(
          REPLACE(
            REPLACE(
              REPLACE(
                REPLACE(
                  REPLACE(
                    REPLACE(
                      REPLACE(
                        @String,
                      '9', ''),
                    '8', ''),
                  '7', ''),
                '6', ''),
              '5', ''),
            '4', ''),
          '3', ''),
        '2', ''),
      '1', ''),
    '0', '')
  )
END
GO

-- ==================
DECLARE @t TABLE (
    ColID       int,
    ColString   varchar(50)
)

INSERT INTO @t VALUES (1, 'abc1234567890')

SELECT ColID, ColString, dbo.AlphaOnly(ColString)
FROM @t

输出

ColID ColString
----- ------------- ---
    1 abc1234567890 abc

第2轮-数据驱动黑名单

-- ============================================
-- Create a table of blacklist characters
-- ============================================
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.tables WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('dbo.CharacterBlacklist'))
  DROP TABLE dbo.CharacterBlacklist
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.CharacterBlacklist (
    CharID              int         IDENTITY,
    DisallowedCharacter nchar(1)    NOT NULL
)
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'0')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'1')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'2')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'3')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'4')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'5')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'6')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'7')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'8')
INSERT INTO dbo.CharacterBlacklist (DisallowedCharacter) VALUES (N'9')
GO

-- ====================================
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('dbo.StripBlacklistCharacters'))
  DROP FUNCTION dbo.StripBlacklistCharacters
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.StripBlacklistCharacters (
    @String nvarchar(100)
)
RETURNS varchar(100)
AS BEGIN
  DECLARE @blacklistCt  int
  DECLARE @ct           int
  DECLARE @c            nchar(1)

  SELECT @blacklistCt = COUNT(*) FROM dbo.CharacterBlacklist

  SET @ct = 0
  WHILE @ct < @blacklistCt BEGIN
    SET @ct = @ct + 1

    SELECT @String = REPLACE(@String, DisallowedCharacter, N'')
    FROM dbo.CharacterBlacklist
    WHERE CharID = @ct
  END

  RETURN (@String)
END
GO

-- ====================================
DECLARE @s  nvarchar(24)
SET @s = N'abc1234def5678ghi90jkl'

SELECT
    @s                  AS OriginalString,
    dbo.StripBlacklistCharacters(@s)   AS ResultString

输出

OriginalString           ResultString
------------------------ ------------
abc1234def5678ghi90jkl   abcdefghijkl

我对读者的挑战是:你能让这个过程更有效率吗?那么使用递归呢?

乔治·马斯特罗斯精彩回答的参数化版本:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_StripCharacters]
(
    @String NVARCHAR(MAX), 
    @MatchExpression VARCHAR(255)
)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
    SET @MatchExpression =  '%['+@MatchExpression+']%'
    
    WHILE PatIndex(@MatchExpression, @String) > 0
        SET @String = Stuff(@String, PatIndex(@MatchExpression, @String), 1, '')
    
    RETURN @String
    
END

字母只有:

SELECT dbo.fn_StripCharacters('a1!s2@d3#f4$', '^a-z')

数字只有:

SELECT dbo.fn_StripCharacters('a1!s2@d3#f4$', '^0-9')

字母数字只有:

SELECT dbo.fn_StripCharacters('a1!s2@d3#f4$', '^a-z0-9')

非字母数字：

SELECT dbo.fn_StripCharacters('a1!s2@d3#f4$', 'a-z0-9')

如果您像我一样，不能仅向生产数据添加函数，但仍然想执行这种过滤，那么这里有一个纯SQL解决方案，使用PIVOT表将过滤后的部分重新组合在一起。

注意:我硬编码表高达40个字符，如果你有更长的字符串要过滤，你将不得不添加更多。

SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF;

with 
    ToBeScrubbed
as (
    select 1 as id, '*SOME 222@ !@* #* BOGUS !@*&! DATA' as ColumnToScrub
),

Scrubbed as (
    select 
        P.Number as ValueOrder,
        isnull ( substring ( t.ColumnToScrub , number , 1 ) , '' ) as ScrubbedValue,
        t.id
    from
        ToBeScrubbed t
        left join master..spt_values P
            on P.number between 1 and len(t.ColumnToScrub)
            and type ='P'
    where
        PatIndex('%[^a-z]%', substring(t.ColumnToScrub,P.number,1) ) = 0
)

SELECT
    id, 
    [1]+ [2]+ [3]+ [4]+ [5]+ [6]+ [7]+ [8] +[9] +[10]
    +  [11]+ [12]+ [13]+ [14]+ [15]+ [16]+ [17]+ [18] +[19] +[20]
    +  [21]+ [22]+ [23]+ [24]+ [25]+ [26]+ [27]+ [28] +[29] +[30]
    +  [31]+ [32]+ [33]+ [34]+ [35]+ [36]+ [37]+ [38] +[39] +[40] as ScrubbedData
FROM (
    select 
        *
    from 
        Scrubbed
    ) 
    src
    PIVOT (
        MAX(ScrubbedValue) FOR ValueOrder IN (
        [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10],
        [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20],
        [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30],
        [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40]
        )
    ) pvt

这是另一个递归CTE解决方案，基于@Gerhard Weiss的回答。您应该能够将整个代码块复制并粘贴到SSMS中，并在那里使用它。结果包括一些额外的列，以帮助我们理解发生了什么。我花了一段时间才理解了PATINDEX (RegEx)和递归CTE的全部原理。

DECLARE @DefineBadCharPattern varchar(30)
SET @DefineBadCharPattern = '%[^A-z]%'  --Means anything NOT between A and z characters (according to ascii char value) is "bad"
SET @DefineBadCharPattern = '%[^a-z0-9]%'  --Means anything NOT between a and z characters or numbers 0 through 9 (according to ascii char value) are "bad"
SET @DefineBadCharPattern = '%[^ -~]%'  --Means anything NOT between space and ~ characters (all non-printable characters) is "bad"
--Change @ReplaceBadCharWith to '' to strip "bad" characters from string
--Change to some character if you want to 'see' what's being replaced. NOTE: It must be allowed accoring to @DefineBadCharPattern above
DECLARE @ReplaceBadCharWith varchar(1) = '#'  --Change this to whatever you want to replace non-printable chars with 
IF patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, @ReplaceBadCharWith) > 0
    BEGIN
        RAISERROR('@ReplaceBadCharWith value (%s) must be a character allowed by PATINDEX pattern of %s',16,1,@ReplaceBadCharWith, @DefineBadCharPattern)
        RETURN
    END
--A table of values to play with:
DECLARE @temp TABLE (OriginalString varchar(100))
INSERT @temp SELECT ' 1hello' + char(13) + char(10) + 'there' + char(30) + char(9) + char(13) + char(10)
INSERT @temp SELECT '2hello' + char(30) + 'there' + char(30)
INSERT @temp SELECT ' 3hello there'
INSERT @temp SELECT ' tab' + char(9) + ' character'
INSERT @temp SELECT 'good bye'

--Let the magic begin:
;WITH recurse AS (
    select
    OriginalString,
    OriginalString as CleanString,
    patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, OriginalString) as [Position],
    substring(OriginalString,patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, OriginalString),1) as [InvalidCharacter],
    ascii(substring(OriginalString,patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, OriginalString),1)) as [ASCIICode]
    from @temp
   UNION ALL
    select
    OriginalString,
    CONVERT(varchar(100),REPLACE(CleanString,InvalidCharacter,@ReplaceBadCharWith)),
    patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString) as [Position],
    substring(CleanString,patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString),1),
    ascii(substring(CleanString,patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString),1))
    from recurse
    where patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString) > 0
)
SELECT * FROM recurse
--optionally comment out this last WHERE clause to see more of what the recursion is doing:
WHERE patindex(@DefineBadCharPattern COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN,CleanString) = 0

从性能角度来看，我会使用内联函数:

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[udf_RemoveNumericCharsFromString]
(
@List NVARCHAR(4000)
)
RETURNS TABLE 
AS RETURN

    WITH GetNums AS (
       SELECT TOP(ISNULL(DATALENGTH(@List), 0))
        n = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT NULL))
        FROM
          (VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0)) d (n),
          (VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) e (n),
          (VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) f (n),
          (VALUES (0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0),(0)) g (n)
            )

    SELECT StrOut = ''+
        (SELECT Chr
         FROM GetNums
            CROSS APPLY (SELECT SUBSTRING(@List , n,1)) X(Chr)
         WHERE Chr LIKE '%[^0-9]%' 
         ORDER BY N
         FOR XML PATH (''),TYPE).value('.','NVARCHAR(MAX)')


   /*How to Use
   SELECT StrOut FROM dbo.udf_RemoveNumericCharsFromString ('vv45--9gut')
   Result: vv--gut
   */