假设我这里有一个字符串:
var fullName: String = "First Last"
我想在空白处拆分字符串,并将值分配给它们各自的变量
var fullNameArr = // something like: fullName.explode(" ")
var firstName: String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName: String? = fullnameArr[1]
此外,有时用户可能没有姓氏。
假设我这里有一个字符串:
var fullName: String = "First Last"
我想在空白处拆分字符串,并将值分配给它们各自的变量
var fullNameArr = // something like: fullName.explode(" ")
var firstName: String = fullNameArr[0]
var lastName: String? = fullnameArr[1]
此外,有时用户可能没有姓氏。
当前回答
在解释Don Vaughn的答案时,我喜欢使用正则表达式。我很惊讶这只是Regex的第二个答案。然而,如果我们能用一个拆分方法而不是多个方法来解决这个问题,那就太好了。
我也受到了米特拉·辛加姆(Mithra Singam)的《答案》(Answer)的启发,排除了所有标点符号和空格。然而,不得不创建一个不允许的角色列表并没有引起我的共鸣。
\w-字母或数字符号的正则表达式。没有标点符号。
let foo = "(..# Hello,,(---- World ".split {
String($0).range(of: #"\w"#, options: .regularExpression) == nil
}
print(foo) // Prints "Hello World"
让我们假设你对Unicode不太满意。ASKII字母和数字怎么样?
let bar = "(..# Hello,,(---- World ".split {
!($0.isASCII && ($0.isLetter || $0.isNumber))
}
print(bar) // Prints "Hello World"
其他回答
let str = "one two"
let strSplit = str.characters.split(" ").map(String.init) // returns ["one", "two"]
Xcode 7.2(7C68)
这在Beta 5中再次发生了变化。哭泣!它现在是CollectionType上的一个方法
旧版本:
var fullName = "First Last"
var fullNameArr = split(fullName) {$0 == " "}
新建:
var fullName = "First Last"
var fullNameArr = fullName.split {$0 == " "}
苹果发行说明
非顶部:
对于搜索如何使用子字符串(而不是字符)拆分字符串的人来说,下面是一个有效的解决方案:
// TESTING
let str1 = "Hello user! What user's details? Here user rounded with space."
let a = str1.split(withSubstring: "user") // <-------------- HERE IS A SPLIT
print(a) // ["Hello ", "! What ", "\'s details? Here ", " rounded with space."]
// testing the result
var result = ""
for item in a {
if !result.isEmpty {
result += "user"
}
result += item
}
print(str1) // "Hello user! What user's details? Here user rounded with space."
print(result) // "Hello user! What user's details? Here user rounded with space."
print(result == str1) // true
/// Extension providing `split` and `substring` methods.
extension String {
/// Split given string with substring into array
/// - Parameters:
/// - string: the string
/// - substring: the substring to search
/// - Returns: array of components
func split(withSubstring substring: String) -> [String] {
var a = [String]()
var str = self
while let range = str.range(of: substring) {
let i = str.distance(from: str.startIndex, to: range.lowerBound)
let j = str.distance(from: str.startIndex, to: range.upperBound)
let left = str.substring(index: 0, length: i)
let right = str.substring(index: j, length: str.length - j)
a.append(left)
str = right
}
if !str.isEmpty {
a.append(str)
}
return a
}
/// the length of the string
public var length: Int {
return self.count
}
/// Get substring, e.g. "ABCDE".substring(index: 2, length: 3) -> "CDE"
///
/// - parameter index: the start index
/// - parameter length: the length of the substring
///
/// - returns: the substring
public func substring(index: Int, length: Int) -> String {
if self.length <= index {
return ""
}
let leftIndex = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: index)
if self.length <= index + length {
return String(self[leftIndex..<self.endIndex])
}
let rightIndex = self.index(self.endIndex, offsetBy: -(self.length - index - length))
return String(self[leftIndex..<rightIndex])
}
}
斯威夫特2.2添加了错误处理和大写字符串:
func setFullName(fullName: String) {
var fullNameComponents = fullName.componentsSeparatedByString(" ")
self.fname = fullNameComponents.count > 0 ? fullNameComponents[0]: ""
self.sname = fullNameComponents.count > 1 ? fullNameComponents[1]: ""
self.fname = self.fname!.capitalizedString
self.sname = self.sname!.capitalizedString
}
空白问题
一般来说,人们会一次又一次地重复这个问题和糟糕的解决方案。这是一个空间吗?“”以及“\n”、“\t”或一些您从未见过的unicode空白字符,在很大程度上是不可见的。虽然你可以逃脱
弱解决方案
import Foundation
let pieces = "Mary had little lamb".componentsSeparatedByString(" ")
如果你需要在现实中动摇你的控制,请观看WWDC视频中的字符串或日期。简而言之,让苹果解决这类平凡的任务几乎总是更好的。
稳健的解决方案:使用NSCharacterSet
IMHO,正确做到这一点的方法是使用NSCharacterSet,因为正如前面所述,您的空白可能不是您所期望的,并且Apple提供了一个空白字符集。要探索提供的各种字符集,请查看Apple的NSCharacterSet开发人员文档,然后,如果不符合您的需要,才可以扩充或构建新的字符集。
NSCharacterSet空白
返回包含Unicode常规中的字符的字符集Z类和字符表(U+0009)。
let longerString: String = "This is a test of the character set splitting system"
let components = longerString.components(separatedBy: .whitespaces)
print(components)