我知道有很多关于这两种模式之间差异的帖子，但有一些东西我找不到。
From what I have been reading, I see that the factory method pattern allows you to define how to create a single concrete product but hiding the implementation from the client as they will see a generic product. My first question is about the abstract factory. Is its role to allow you to create families of concrete objects in (that can depend on what specific factory you use) rather than just a single concrete object? Does the abstract factory only return one very large object or many objects depending on what methods you call?
我最后两个问题是关于一句我在很多地方都见过的引语，我不能完全理解:
两者之间的一个区别是
使用抽象工厂模式，a
类委托的责任
对象实例化到另一个对象
通过合成，而工厂
方法模式使用继承和
类依赖于子类来处理
所需的对象实例化。
我的理解是，工厂方法模式有一个Creator接口，它将使ConcreteCreator负责知道要实例化哪个ConcreteProduct。这就是使用继承来处理对象实例化的意思吗?
现在，关于引用，抽象工厂模式是如何通过组合将对象实例化的责任委托给另一个对象的?这是什么意思?在我看来，抽象工厂模式似乎也使用继承来完成构造过程，但我仍然在学习这些模式。
任何帮助，特别是最后一个问题，将非常感激。
之前的很多回答都没有提供抽象工厂和工厂方法模式之间的代码比较。下面是我试图用Java来解释它。我希望它能帮助那些需要简单解释的人。
正如GoF所言:抽象工厂提供了一个接口，无需指定就可以创建相关或依赖的对象族
具体的阶级。
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ZooFactory zooFactory = new HerbivoreZooFactory();
Animal animal1 = zooFactory.animal1();
Animal animal2 = zooFactory.animal2();
animal1.sound();
animal2.sound();
System.out.println();
AnimalFactory animalFactory = new CowAnimalFactory();
Animal animal = animalFactory.createAnimal();
animal.sound();
}
}
public interface Animal {
public void sound();
}
public class Cow implements Animal {
@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Cow moos");
}
}
public class Deer implements Animal {
@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Deer grunts");
}
}
public class Hyena implements Animal {
@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Hyena.java");
}
}
public class Lion implements Animal {
@Override
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Lion roars");
}
}
public interface ZooFactory {
Animal animal1();
Animal animal2();
}
public class CarnivoreZooFactory implements ZooFactory {
@Override
public Animal animal1() {
return new Lion();
}
@Override
public Animal animal2() {
return new Hyena();
}
}
public class HerbivoreZooFactory implements ZooFactory {
@Override
public Animal animal1() {
return new Cow();
}
@Override
public Animal animal2() {
return new Deer();
}
}
public interface AnimalFactory {
public Animal createAnimal();
}
public class CowAnimalFactory implements AnimalFactory {
@Override
public Animal createAnimal() {
return new Cow();
}
}
public class DeerAnimalFactory implements AnimalFactory {
@Override
public Animal createAnimal() {
return new Deer();
}
}
public class HyenaAnimalFactory implements AnimalFactory {
@Override
public Animal createAnimal() {
return new Hyena();
}
}
public class LionAnimalFactory implements AnimalFactory {
@Override
public Animal createAnimal() {
return new Lion();
}
}
工厂设计模式
generation 1 <- generation 2 <- generation 3
//example
(generation 1) shape <- (generation 2) rectangle, oval <- (generation 3) rectangle impressionism, rectangle surrealism, oval impressionism, oval surrealism
工厂
用例:实例化第2代的一个对象
这是一种创造模式，允许你在一个简单的地方创建第2代。它符合SRP和OCP -所有的更改都在一个类中进行。
enum ShapeType {
RECTANGLE,
OVAL
}
class Shape {}
//Concrete Products
//generation 2
class Rectangle extends Shape {}
class Oval extends Shape {}
//Factory
class Factory {
Shape createShape(ShapeType type) {
switch (type) {
case RECTANGLE:
return new Rectangle();
case OVAL:
return new Oval();
}
}
}
//Creator
class Painter {
private Factory factory;
Painter(Factory factory) {
this.factory = factory;
}
Shape prepareShape(ShapeType type) {
return factory.createShape(type);
}
}
//using
class Main {
void main() {
Painter painter = new Painter(new Factory());
Shape shape1 = painter.prepareShape(ShapeType.RECTANGLE);
Shape shape2 = painter.prepareShape(ShapeType.OVAL);
}
}
工厂方法
用例:实例化第3代的一个对象
有助于与下一代家庭成员合作。每个画家都有自己的风格，印象派、超现实主义……工厂方法使用抽象创造者作为工厂(抽象方法)，具体创造者是这种方法的实现
enum ShapeType {
RECTANGLE,
OVAL
}
class Shape {}
//Concrete Products
//generation 2
class Rectangle extends Shape {}
class Oval extends Shape {}
//generation 3
class RectangleImpressionism extends Rectangle {}
class OvalImpressionism extends Oval {}
class RectangleSurrealism extends Rectangle {}
class OvalSurrealism extends Oval {}
//Creator
abstract class Painter {
Shape prepareShape(ShapeType type) {
return createShape(type);
}
//Factory method
abstract Shape createShape(ShapeType type);
}
//Concrete Creators
class PainterImpressionism {
@override
Shape createShape(ShapeType type) {
switch (type) {
case RECTANGLE:
return new RectangleImpressionism();
case OVAL:
return new OvalImpressionism();
}
}
}
class PainterSurrealism {
@override
Shape createShape(ShapeType type) {
switch (type) {
case RECTANGLE:
return new RectangleSurrealism();
case OVAL:
return new OvalSurrealism();
}
}
}
//using
class Main {
void main() {
Painter painterImpressionism = new PainterImpressionism();
Shape shape1 = painterImpressionism.prepareShape(ShapeType.RECTANGLE);
Painter painterSurrealism = new PainterSurrealism();
Shape shape2 = painterSurrealism.prepareShape(ShapeType.RECTANGLE);
}
}
抽象工厂
用例:实例化第3代的所有对象
工厂是抽象工厂和具象工厂的一部分
//Concrete Products
//generation 2
class Rectangle extends Shape {}
class Oval extends Shape {}
//generation 3
class RectangleImpressionism extends Rectangle {}
class OvalImpressionism extends Oval {}
class RectangleSurrealism extends Rectangle {}
class OvalSurrealism extends Oval {}
//Abstract Factory
interface Factory {
Rectangle createRectangle();
Oval createOval();
}
//Concrete Factories
class ImpressionismFactory implements Factory {
@Override
public Rectangle createRectangle() {
return new RectangleImpressionism();
}
@Override
public Oval createOval() {
return new OvalImpressionism();
}
}
class SurrealismFactory implements Factory {
@Override
public Rectangle createRectangle() {
return new RectangleSurrealism();
}
@Override
public Oval createOval() {
return new OvalSurrealism();
}
}
//Creator
class Painter {
Rectangle rectangle;
Oval oval;
Painter(Factory factory) {
rectangle = factory.createRectangle();
rectangle.resize();
oval = factory.createOval();
oval.resize();
}
}
//using
class Main {
void main() {
Painter painter1 = new Painter(new ImpressionismFactory());
Shape shape1 = painter1.rectangle;
Shape shape2 = painter1.oval;
Painter painter2 = new Painter(new ImpressionismFactory());
Shape shape3 = painter2.rectangle;
Shape shape4 = painter1.oval;
}
}
A)工厂方法模式
工厂方法是一种创建设计模式，它提供了创建对象的接口，但允许子类改变将要创建的对象的类型。
如果在基类和扩展它的子类中有一个创建方法，您可能会考虑工厂方法。
B)抽象工厂模式
抽象工厂是一种创造性的设计模式，允许在不指定具体类的情况下产生相关或依赖的对象族。
什么是“对象族”?例如，以这组类为例:传输+引擎+控制。这些可能有几种变体:
1-汽车+内燃机+方向盘
2-平面+ JetEngine +轭
如果你的程序不使用产品族，那么你就不需要抽象工厂。
同样，很多人混淆了抽象工厂模式和简单的工厂类声明为抽象。不要那样做!
裁判:https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/factory-comparison
