在。net下使用c#和WPF(而不是Windows窗体或控制台)，创建一个只能作为单个实例运行的应用程序的正确方法是什么?
我知道它与某种叫做互斥的神秘事物有关，我很少能找到有人费心停下来解释其中一个是什么。
代码还需要通知已经运行的实例，用户试图启动第二个实例，如果存在命令行参数，还可能传递任何命令行参数。
当前回答
下面是一个示例，它允许您拥有应用程序的单个实例。当加载任何新实例时，它们将参数传递给正在运行的主实例。
public partial class App : Application
{
private static Mutex SingleMutex;
public static uint MessageId;
private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)
{
IntPtr Result;
IntPtr SendOk;
Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT CopyData;
string[] Args;
IntPtr CopyDataMem;
bool AllowMultipleInstances = false;
Args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
// TODO: Replace {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} with your application's GUID
MessageId = Win32.RegisterWindowMessage("{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}");
SingleMutex = new Mutex(false, "AppName");
if ((AllowMultipleInstances) || (!AllowMultipleInstances && SingleMutex.WaitOne(1, true)))
{
new Main();
}
else if (Args.Length > 1)
{
foreach (Process Proc in Process.GetProcesses())
{
SendOk = Win32.SendMessageTimeout(Proc.MainWindowHandle, MessageId, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero,
Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_BLOCK | Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG,
2000, out Result);
if (SendOk == IntPtr.Zero)
continue;
if ((uint)Result != MessageId)
continue;
CopyDataMem = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT)));
CopyData.dwData = IntPtr.Zero;
CopyData.cbData = Args[1].Length*2;
CopyData.lpData = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(Args[1]);
Marshal.StructureToPtr(CopyData, CopyDataMem, false);
Win32.SendMessageTimeout(Proc.MainWindowHandle, Win32.WM_COPYDATA, IntPtr.Zero, CopyDataMem,
Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_BLOCK | Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG,
5000, out Result);
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(CopyData.lpData);
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(CopyDataMem);
}
Shutdown(0);
}
}
}
public partial class Main : Window
{
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
HwndSource Source;
Source = HwndSource.FromHwnd(new WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle);
Source.AddHook(new HwndSourceHook(Window_Proc));
}
private IntPtr Window_Proc(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, ref bool Handled)
{
Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT CopyData;
string Path;
if (Msg == Win32.WM_COPYDATA)
{
CopyData = (Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT));
Path = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(CopyData.lpData, CopyData.cbData / 2);
if (WindowState == WindowState.Minimized)
{
// Restore window from tray
}
// Do whatever we want with information
Activate();
Focus();
}
if (Msg == App.MessageId)
{
Handled = true;
return new IntPtr(App.MessageId);
}
return IntPtr.Zero;
}
}
public class Win32
{
public const uint WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
public IntPtr lpData;
}
[Flags]
public enum SendMessageTimeoutFlags : uint
{
SMTO_NORMAL = 0x0000,
SMTO_BLOCK = 0x0001,
SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG = 0x0002,
SMTO_NOTIMEOUTIFNOTHUNG = 0x0008
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError=true, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern uint RegisterWindowMessage(string lpString);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr SendMessageTimeout(
IntPtr hWnd, uint Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam,
SendMessageTimeoutFlags fuFlags, uint uTimeout, out IntPtr lpdwResult);
}
其他回答
[我在下面提供了控制台和wpf应用程序的示例代码。]
在创建命名的Mutex实例后，只需检查createdNew变量的值(示例如下!)。
布尔值createdNew将返回false:
如果命名为“YourApplicationNameHere”的互斥锁实例已经存在 在系统某处创建
布尔值createdNew将返回true:
如果这是第一个名为“YourApplicationNameHere”的互斥锁 系统。
控制台应用程序-示例:
static Mutex m = null;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
const string mutexName = "YourApplicationNameHere";
bool createdNew = false;
try
{
// Initializes a new instance of the Mutex class with a Boolean value that indicates
// whether the calling thread should have initial ownership of the mutex, a string that is the name of the mutex,
// and a Boolean value that, when the method returns, indicates whether the calling thread was granted initial ownership of the mutex.
using (m = new Mutex(true, mutexName, out createdNew))
{
if (!createdNew)
{
Console.WriteLine("instance is alreday running... shutting down !!!");
Console.Read();
return; // Exit the application
}
// Run your windows forms app here
Console.WriteLine("Single instance app is running!");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
WPF-Example:
public partial class App : Application
{
static Mutex m = null;
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
const string mutexName = "YourApplicationNameHere";
bool createdNew = false;
try
{
// Initializes a new instance of the Mutex class with a Boolean value that indicates
// whether the calling thread should have initial ownership of the mutex, a string that is the name of the mutex,
// and a Boolean value that, when the method returns, indicates whether the calling thread was granted initial ownership of the mutex.
m = new Mutex(true, mutexName, out createdNew);
if (!createdNew)
{
Current.Shutdown(); // Exit the application
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw;
}
base.OnStartup(e);
}
protected override void OnExit(ExitEventArgs e)
{
if (m != null)
{
m.Dispose();
}
base.OnExit(e);
}
}
但是不使用互斥，简单的回答:
System.Diagnostics;
...
string thisprocessname = Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName;
if (Process.GetProcesses().Count(p => p.ProcessName == thisprocessname) > 1)
return;
把它放在Program.Main()中。 例子:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace Sample
{
static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
//simple add Diagnostics namespace, and these 3 lines below
string thisprocessname = Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName;
if (Process.GetProcesses().Count(p => p.ProcessName == thisprocessname) > 1)
return;
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new Sample());
}
}
}
您可以添加MessageBox。在if语句中显示并输入“应用程序已运行”。 这可能对某些人有帮助。
更新2017-01-25。在尝试了一些东西之后，我决定使用VisualBasic.dll，它更容易，工作效果更好(至少对我来说)。我让我之前的答案只是作为参考…
只是作为参考，这是我如何不传递参数(我找不到任何理由这样做…我指的是带有参数的单个应用程序，这些参数可以从一个实例传递到另一个实例)。 如果需要文件关联，那么应用程序应该(根据用户的标准期望)为每个文档实例化。如果你必须传递args到现有的应用程序，我想我会使用vb dll。
不传递参数(只是单实例应用程序)，我更喜欢不注册一个新的窗口消息，不覆盖Matt Davis解决方案中定义的消息循环。虽然添加一个VisualBasic dll不是一个大问题，但我不喜欢添加一个新的引用只是做单个实例应用程序。此外，我更喜欢用Main实例化一个新类，而不是调用Shutdown from app. startup重写以确保尽快退出。
希望大家都喜欢……或者会启发一点:-)
项目启动类应该设置为“SingleInstanceApp”。
public class SingleInstanceApp
{
[STAThread]
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Mutex _mutexSingleInstance = new Mutex(true, "MonitorMeSingleInstance");
if (_mutexSingleInstance.WaitOne(TimeSpan.Zero, true))
{
try
{
var app = new App();
app.InitializeComponent();
app.Run();
}
finally
{
_mutexSingleInstance.ReleaseMutex();
_mutexSingleInstance.Close();
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("One instance is already running.");
var processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().GetName().Name);
{
if (processes.Length > 1)
{
foreach (var process in processes)
{
if (process.Id != Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id)
{
WindowHelper.SetForegroundWindow(process.MainWindowHandle);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
WindowHelper:
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Interop;
using System.Windows.Threading;
namespace HQ.Util.Unmanaged
{
public class WindowHelper
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);
我添加了一个sendMessage方法到NativeMethods类。
显然，如果应用程序没有显示在任务栏中，postmessage方法不会工作，但是使用sendmessage方法解决了这个问题。
class NativeMethods
{
public const int HWND_BROADCAST = 0xffff;
public static readonly int WM_SHOWME = RegisterWindowMessage("WM_SHOWME");
[DllImport("user32")]
public static extern bool PostMessage(IntPtr hwnd, int msg, IntPtr wparam, IntPtr lparam);
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
[DllImport("user32")]
public static extern int RegisterWindowMessage(string message);
}
下面是一个示例，它允许您拥有应用程序的单个实例。当加载任何新实例时，它们将参数传递给正在运行的主实例。
public partial class App : Application
{
private static Mutex SingleMutex;
public static uint MessageId;
private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)
{
IntPtr Result;
IntPtr SendOk;
Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT CopyData;
string[] Args;
IntPtr CopyDataMem;
bool AllowMultipleInstances = false;
Args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
// TODO: Replace {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} with your application's GUID
MessageId = Win32.RegisterWindowMessage("{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}");
SingleMutex = new Mutex(false, "AppName");
if ((AllowMultipleInstances) || (!AllowMultipleInstances && SingleMutex.WaitOne(1, true)))
{
new Main();
}
else if (Args.Length > 1)
{
foreach (Process Proc in Process.GetProcesses())
{
SendOk = Win32.SendMessageTimeout(Proc.MainWindowHandle, MessageId, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero,
Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_BLOCK | Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG,
2000, out Result);
if (SendOk == IntPtr.Zero)
continue;
if ((uint)Result != MessageId)
continue;
CopyDataMem = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT)));
CopyData.dwData = IntPtr.Zero;
CopyData.cbData = Args[1].Length*2;
CopyData.lpData = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(Args[1]);
Marshal.StructureToPtr(CopyData, CopyDataMem, false);
Win32.SendMessageTimeout(Proc.MainWindowHandle, Win32.WM_COPYDATA, IntPtr.Zero, CopyDataMem,
Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_BLOCK | Win32.SendMessageTimeoutFlags.SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG,
5000, out Result);
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(CopyData.lpData);
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(CopyDataMem);
}
Shutdown(0);
}
}
}
public partial class Main : Window
{
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
HwndSource Source;
Source = HwndSource.FromHwnd(new WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle);
Source.AddHook(new HwndSourceHook(Window_Proc));
}
private IntPtr Window_Proc(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, ref bool Handled)
{
Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT CopyData;
string Path;
if (Msg == Win32.WM_COPYDATA)
{
CopyData = (Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(Win32.COPYDATASTRUCT));
Path = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(CopyData.lpData, CopyData.cbData / 2);
if (WindowState == WindowState.Minimized)
{
// Restore window from tray
}
// Do whatever we want with information
Activate();
Focus();
}
if (Msg == App.MessageId)
{
Handled = true;
return new IntPtr(App.MessageId);
}
return IntPtr.Zero;
}
}
public class Win32
{
public const uint WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
public IntPtr lpData;
}
[Flags]
public enum SendMessageTimeoutFlags : uint
{
SMTO_NORMAL = 0x0000,
SMTO_BLOCK = 0x0001,
SMTO_ABORTIFHUNG = 0x0002,
SMTO_NOTIMEOUTIFNOTHUNG = 0x0008
}
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError=true, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
public static extern uint RegisterWindowMessage(string lpString);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern IntPtr SendMessageTimeout(
IntPtr hWnd, uint Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam,
SendMessageTimeoutFlags fuFlags, uint uTimeout, out IntPtr lpdwResult);
}
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