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2024-03-09 06:00:05

如何在SQLITE中删除或添加列?

我想在sqlite数据库中删除或添加列

我正在使用以下查询删除列。

ALTER TABLE TABLENAME DROP COLUMN COLUMNNAME

但它会产生错误

System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteException: SQLite error
near "DROP": syntax error

当前回答

我已经改进了user2638929回答，现在它可以保留列类型，主键，默认值等。

public static void dropColumns(SQLiteDatabase database, String tableName, Collection<String> columnsToRemove){
    List<String> columnNames = new ArrayList<>();
    List<String> columnNamesWithType = new ArrayList<>();
    List<String> primaryKeys = new ArrayList<>();
    String query = "pragma table_info(" + tableName + ");";
    Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery(query,null);
    while (cursor.moveToNext()){
        String columnName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));

        if (columnsToRemove.contains(columnName)){
            continue;
        }

        String columnType = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("type"));
        boolean isNotNull = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("notnull")) == 1;
        boolean isPk = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("pk")) == 1;

        columnNames.add(columnName);
        String tmp = "`" + columnName + "` " + columnType + " ";
        if (isNotNull){
            tmp += " NOT NULL ";
        }

        int defaultValueType = cursor.getType(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value"));
        if (defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_STRING){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + "\"" + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + "\" ";
        }else if(defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + " ";
        }else if (defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_FLOAT){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + cursor.getFloat(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + " ";
        }
        columnNamesWithType.add(tmp);
        if (isPk){
            primaryKeys.add("`" + columnName + "`");
        }
    }
    cursor.close();

    String columnNamesSeparated = TextUtils.join(", ", columnNames);
    if (primaryKeys.size() > 0){
        columnNamesWithType.add("PRIMARY KEY("+ TextUtils.join(", ", primaryKeys) +")");
    }
    String columnNamesWithTypeSeparated = TextUtils.join(", ", columnNamesWithType);

    database.beginTransaction();
    try {
        database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " RENAME TO " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (" + columnNamesWithTypeSeparated + ");");
        database.execSQL("INSERT INTO " + tableName + " (" + columnNamesSeparated + ") SELECT "
                + columnNamesSeparated + " FROM " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.execSQL("DROP TABLE " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.setTransactionSuccessful();
    }finally {
        database.endTransaction();
    }
}

PS:这里我使用的是android.arch.persistence.db。支持sqlitedatabase，但你可以很容易地修改它使用android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase

2018-07-30 05:26:07

其他回答

正如其他人指出的那样，sqlite的ALTER TABLE语句不支持DROP COLUMN，并且标准的做法是不保留约束和索引。

下面是一些python代码，在维护所有关键约束和索引的同时，可以通用地执行此操作。

请在使用之前备份您的数据库!这个函数依赖于修改原始的CREATE TABLE语句，可能有点不安全——例如，如果标识符包含嵌入的逗号或圆括号，它就会出错。

如果有人愿意提供一种更好的解析SQL的方法，那就太好了!

我发现了一个更好的方法来解析使用开源sqlparse包。如果有任何兴趣，我会张贴在这里，只要留下评论要求它…

import re
import random

def DROP_COLUMN(db, table, column):
    columns = [ c[1] for c in db.execute("PRAGMA table_info(%s)" % table) ]
    columns = [ c for c in columns if c != column ]
    sql = db.execute("SELECT sql from sqlite_master where name = '%s'" 
        % table).fetchone()[0]
    sql = format(sql)
    lines = sql.splitlines()
    findcol = r'\b%s\b' % column
    keeplines = [ line for line in lines if not re.search(findcol, line) ]
    create = '\n'.join(keeplines)
    create = re.sub(r',(\s*\))', r'\1', create)
    temp = 'tmp%d' % random.randint(1e8, 1e9)
    db.execute("ALTER TABLE %(old)s RENAME TO %(new)s" % { 
        'old': table, 'new': temp })
    db.execute(create)
    db.execute("""
        INSERT INTO %(new)s ( %(columns)s ) 
        SELECT %(columns)s FROM %(old)s
    """ % { 
        'old': temp,
        'new': table,
        'columns': ', '.join(columns)
    })  
    db.execute("DROP TABLE %s" % temp)

def format(sql):
    sql = sql.replace(",", ",\n")
    sql = sql.replace("(", "(\n")
    sql = sql.replace(")", "\n)")
    return sql
2014-09-02 00:24:59

DB Browser for SQLite允许您添加或删除列。

在主视图中，选择Database Structure，单击表名。一个按钮Modify Table被启用，它会打开一个新窗口，您可以在其中选择列/字段并删除它。

2019-07-17 00:14:47

有一段时间不直接支持这一点，您需要遵循以下四个步骤:(1)创建一个temporary_table，(2)复制数据，(3)删除旧表，然后(4)重命名temporary_table。

但是现在支持这些特性，您所需要做的就是升级SQLite。

3.35.0 from 2021-03-12添加ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN 3.25.0 from 2018-09-15新增ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN 3.2.0在2005-03-21添加了ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN

请注意，仍然有一些边缘情况下，这些可能不起作用，例如，您不能删除主键列。有关详细信息，请参阅文档。当这些ALTER TABLE…COLUMN语句不起作用时，您可以退回到四步过程。

顺便说一下，文档中的四步流程实际上是十二步流程。但其中四个步骤非常重要，很容易出错，在这些文档中特别指出。

2021-04-04 23:21:07

我已经改进了user2638929回答，现在它可以保留列类型，主键，默认值等。

public static void dropColumns(SQLiteDatabase database, String tableName, Collection<String> columnsToRemove){
    List<String> columnNames = new ArrayList<>();
    List<String> columnNamesWithType = new ArrayList<>();
    List<String> primaryKeys = new ArrayList<>();
    String query = "pragma table_info(" + tableName + ");";
    Cursor cursor = database.rawQuery(query,null);
    while (cursor.moveToNext()){
        String columnName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));

        if (columnsToRemove.contains(columnName)){
            continue;
        }

        String columnType = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("type"));
        boolean isNotNull = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("notnull")) == 1;
        boolean isPk = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("pk")) == 1;

        columnNames.add(columnName);
        String tmp = "`" + columnName + "` " + columnType + " ";
        if (isNotNull){
            tmp += " NOT NULL ";
        }

        int defaultValueType = cursor.getType(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value"));
        if (defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_STRING){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + "\"" + cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + "\" ";
        }else if(defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_INTEGER){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + " ";
        }else if (defaultValueType == Cursor.FIELD_TYPE_FLOAT){
            tmp += " DEFAULT " + cursor.getFloat(cursor.getColumnIndex("dflt_value")) + " ";
        }
        columnNamesWithType.add(tmp);
        if (isPk){
            primaryKeys.add("`" + columnName + "`");
        }
    }
    cursor.close();

    String columnNamesSeparated = TextUtils.join(", ", columnNames);
    if (primaryKeys.size() > 0){
        columnNamesWithType.add("PRIMARY KEY("+ TextUtils.join(", ", primaryKeys) +")");
    }
    String columnNamesWithTypeSeparated = TextUtils.join(", ", columnNamesWithType);

    database.beginTransaction();
    try {
        database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " RENAME TO " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (" + columnNamesWithTypeSeparated + ");");
        database.execSQL("INSERT INTO " + tableName + " (" + columnNamesSeparated + ") SELECT "
                + columnNamesSeparated + " FROM " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.execSQL("DROP TABLE " + tableName + "_old;");
        database.setTransactionSuccessful();
    }finally {
        database.endTransaction();
    }
}

PS:这里我使用的是android.arch.persistence.db。支持sqlitedatabase，但你可以很容易地修改它使用android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase

2018-07-30 05:26:07

由于SQLite对ALTER TABLE的支持有限，所以你只能在表的末尾添加列或在SQLite中更改TABLE_NAME。

这里是如何从SQLITE删除列的最佳答案?

从SQLite表中删除列

2014-02-17 06:03:17

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