我假设你在做一个类似测验的应用程序。对于这种应用程序，我写了一个函数，如下所示:

def shuffle(q):
"""
The input of the function will 
be the dictionary of the question
and answers. The output will
be a random question with answer
"""
selected_keys = []
i = 0
while i < len(q):
    current_selection = random.choice(q.keys())
    if current_selection not in selected_keys:
        selected_keys.append(current_selection)
        i = i+1
        print(current_selection+'? '+str(q[current_selection]))

如果我将输入问题={'委内瑞拉':'加拉加斯'，'加拿大':'多伦多'}，并调用函数shuffle(问题)，那么输出将如下:

VENEZUELA? CARACAS
CANADA? TORONTO

您还可以通过调整选项进一步扩展此功能

我写这篇文章是为了解决同样的问题:

https://github.com/robtandy/randomdict

它有O(1)对键、值和项的随机访问。

b = { 'video':0, 'music':23,"picture":12 } 
random.choice(tuple(b.items())) ('music', 23) 
random.choice(tuple(b.items())) ('music', 23) 
random.choice(tuple(b.items())) ('picture', 12) 
random.choice(tuple(b.items())) ('video', 0) 

下面是一个字典类的Python代码，它可以在O(1)时间内返回随机键。(为了可读性，我在代码中包含了myypy类型):

from typing import TypeVar, Generic, Dict, List
import random

K = TypeVar('K')
V = TypeVar('V')
class IndexableDict(Generic[K, V]):
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.keys: List[K] = []
        self.vals: List[V] = []
        self.dict: Dict[K, int] = {}

    def __getitem__(self, key: K) -> V:
        return self.vals[self.dict[key]]

    def __setitem__(self, key: K, val: V) -> None:
        if key in self.dict:
            index = self.dict[key]
            self.vals[index] = val
        else:
            self.dict[key] = len(self.keys)
            self.keys.append(key)
            self.vals.append(val)

    def __contains__(self, key: K) -> bool:
        return key in self.dict

    def __len__(self) -> int:
        return len(self.keys)

    def random_key(self) -> K:
        return self.keys[random.randrange(len(self.keys))]

试试这个:

import random
a = dict(....) # a is some dictionary
random_key = random.sample(a, 1)[0]

这绝对有效。

这适用于Python 2和Python 3:

随机键:

random.choice(list(d.keys()))

一个随机值

random.choice(list(d.values()))

一个随机键和值

random.choice(list(d.items()))