有人能解释一下脚本语言和程序设计语言的区别吗? 你也可以举一些例子。我谷歌了很多,但我总是从Stack Overflow找到最好的答案。


当前回答

脚本语言是不需要显式编译步骤的编程语言。

例如,在正常情况下,必须先编译C程序才能运行它。但在正常情况下,在运行JavaScript程序之前不必编译它。所以JavaScript有时被称为“脚本”语言。

随着现代硬件和现代编译技术的发展,编译的速度越来越快,这条界限变得越来越模糊。例如,谷歌Chrome中的JavaScript引擎V8(在浏览器之外也经常使用)实际上是将JavaScript代码实时编译为机器代码,而不是解释它。(实际上,V8是一个优化的两阶段编译器。)

Also note that whether a language is a "scripting" language or not can be more about the environment than the language. There's no reason you can't write a C interpreter and use it as a scripting language (and people have). There's also no reason you can't compile JavaScript to machine code and store that in an executable file (and people have). The language Ruby is a good example of this: The original implementation was entirely interpreted (a "scripting" language), but there are now multiple compilers for it.

一些“脚本”语言的例子(例如,传统上使用的语言没有显式的编译步骤):

Lua JavaScript VBScript和VBA Perl

还有一小部分传统上用于显式编译步骤的代码:

C c++ D Java(但请注意Java被编译为字节码,然后在运行时解释和/或重新编译) 帕斯卡

...然后你就有了像Python这样的东西,它们在两个阵营中都有:Python被广泛使用,没有编译步骤,但主要实现(CPython)是通过动态编译字节码,然后在VM中运行字节码来实现的,它可以将字节码写入文件(。Pyc, .pyo),无需重新编译即可使用。

这只是极少数,如果你做一些研究,你会发现更多。

其他回答

编程语言: 编译为机器码并在底层操作系统的硬件上运行。

脚本语言: 是编程语言的非结构子集。这是一般的解释。 它基本上是“脚本”其他事情来做事情。主要的重点不是构建你自己的应用程序,而是让现有的应用程序以你想要的方式运行,例如浏览器的JavaScript, TCL等。

***但也有编程语言被转换为解释器的情况,反之亦然,比如使用C解释器,你可以使用C脚本。 脚本通常用于控制应用程序的行为,而编程语言则用于构建应用程序。 但要注意的是,这种界限正在日益模糊——作为Python的一个例子,它取决于你如何使用这种语言。

脚本语言是不需要显式编译步骤的编程语言。

例如,在正常情况下,必须先编译C程序才能运行它。但在正常情况下,在运行JavaScript程序之前不必编译它。所以JavaScript有时被称为“脚本”语言。

随着现代硬件和现代编译技术的发展,编译的速度越来越快,这条界限变得越来越模糊。例如,谷歌Chrome中的JavaScript引擎V8(在浏览器之外也经常使用)实际上是将JavaScript代码实时编译为机器代码,而不是解释它。(实际上,V8是一个优化的两阶段编译器。)

Also note that whether a language is a "scripting" language or not can be more about the environment than the language. There's no reason you can't write a C interpreter and use it as a scripting language (and people have). There's also no reason you can't compile JavaScript to machine code and store that in an executable file (and people have). The language Ruby is a good example of this: The original implementation was entirely interpreted (a "scripting" language), but there are now multiple compilers for it.

一些“脚本”语言的例子(例如,传统上使用的语言没有显式的编译步骤):

Lua JavaScript VBScript和VBA Perl

还有一小部分传统上用于显式编译步骤的代码:

C c++ D Java(但请注意Java被编译为字节码,然后在运行时解释和/或重新编译) 帕斯卡

...然后你就有了像Python这样的东西,它们在两个阵营中都有:Python被广泛使用,没有编译步骤,但主要实现(CPython)是通过动态编译字节码,然后在VM中运行字节码来实现的,它可以将字节码写入文件(。Pyc, .pyo),无需重新编译即可使用。

这只是极少数,如果你做一些研究,你会发现更多。

在世界还很年轻的时候,在PC世界中,你可以从。exe或。bat中选择,描述很简单。Unix系统一直都有shell脚本(/bin/sh, /bin/csh, /bin/ksh等)和编译语言(C/ c++ /Fortran)。

To differentiate roles and responsibilities, the compiled languages (often referred to as 3rd Generation Languages) were seen a 'programming' languages and 'scripting' languages were seen as those that invoked an interpreter (often referred to as 4th Generation Languages). Scripting languages were often used as 'glue' to connect between multiple commands/compiled programs so that the user didn't have to worry about a set of steps in order to carry out their task - they developed a single file, that delineated what steps they wanted to accomplish, and this became a 'script' for anyone to follow.

Various people/groups wrote new interpreters to solve a specific problem domain. awk is one of the better-known ones, and it was used mostly for pattern matching and applying a series of data transforms on input. It worked well, but had a limited problem domain. The expansion of that domain was all but impossible because the source code was unavailable. Perl (Larry Wall, principle author/architect) tool scripting to the next level - and developed an interpreter that not only allowed the user to run system commands, manipulate input and output data, supported typeless variables, but also to access Unix system level APIs as functions from within the scripts themselves. It was probably one of the first widely used high-level scripting languages. It is with Perl (IMHO) that scripting languages crossed the arbitrary line and added the capabilities of programming languages.

你的问题是关于Python的。因为python解释器是针对包含python代码的文本文件运行的,而且python代码可以在任何有python解释器的地方运行,所以我认为它是一种脚本语言(与Perl相同)。您不需要为每个不同的OS/CPU架构重新编译用户python命令文件(就像使用C/ c++ /Fortran一样),这使得它更易于移植和使用。

这个答案要归功于杰罗德·海曼(Jerrold Heyman)。 原帖:https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_Python_a_Programming_language_or_Scripting_Language

如果我们从逻辑上看编程语言和脚本语言,这是99.09%相同的。因为我们使用相同的概念,如循环、控制条件、变量等等,所以我们可以说两者都是相同的,但它们之间只有一件事是不同的,那就是在C/ c++和其他编程语言中,我们在执行前编译代码。但在PHP, JavaScript和其他脚本语言中,我们不需要编译,我们直接在浏览器中执行。

谢谢 Nitish K. Jha

要理解脚本语言和程序设计语言之间的区别,就必须理解脚本语言诞生的原因。

最初,有编写程序的语言,如excel, word,浏览器,游戏等。这些程序是用c和java等语言编写的。随着时间的推移,这些程序需要用户创建新功能的方法,因此它们必须为字节码提供接口,因此脚本语言诞生了。

脚本语言通常是不编译的,所以只要你写了一些有意义的东西就可以运行。因此,excel可以使用c++构建,但它公开了一种名为VBA的脚本语言供用户定义功能。类似地,浏览器可以用c++ /Java构建,但它们暴露了一种称为javascript的脚本语言(与Java没有任何关系)。游戏通常是用c++构建的,但会公开一种名为Lua的语言供用户定义自定义功能。

脚本语言通常位于某些编程语言之后。脚本语言通常很少访问计算机的本机功能,因为它们运行在原始编程语言的子集上。这里的一个例子是Javascript将无法访问您的文件系统。脚本语言通常比编程语言慢。

Although scripting languages may have less access and are slower, they can be very powerful tools. One factor attributing to a scripting languages success is the ease of updating. Do you remember the days of java applets on the web, this is an example of running a programming language (java) vs running a scripting language (javascript). At the time, computers were not as powerful and javascript wasn't as mature so Java applets dominated the scenes. But Java applets were annoying, they required the user to sort of load and compile the language. Fast forward to today, Java applets are almost extinct and Javascript dominates the scene. Javascript is extremely fast to load since most of the browser components have been installed already.

最后,脚本语言也被认为是编程语言(尽管有些人拒绝接受这一点)——我们在这里应该使用的术语是脚本语言与编译语言的对比。