This is what I do when testing to make sure an exception has been thrown

    
    //when
    final var tripConsumer = new BusTripConsumer(inputStream);
    final Executable executable = () -> tripConsumer.deserialiseTripData();

    //then
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable);

This is what I do when testing to make sure an exception has been thrown

    
    //when
    final var tripConsumer = new BusTripConsumer(inputStream);
    final Executable executable = () -> tripConsumer.deserialiseTripData();

    //then
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable);

我的解决方案:

    protected <T extends Throwable> void assertExpectedException(ThrowingRunnable methodExpectedToFail, Class<T> expectedThrowableClass,
        String expectedMessage) {
    T exception = assertThrows(expectedThrowableClass, methodExpectedToFail);
    assertEquals(expectedMessage, exception.getMessage());
}

你可以这样称呼它:

    assertExpectedException(() -> {
        carService.findById(id);
    }, IllegalArgumentException.class, "invalid id");

TL;DR:如果您使用的是JUnit 5.8.0+版本，您可以使用assertThrowsExactly()而不是assertThrows()来匹配确切的异常类型。

assertThrowsExactly(FileNotFoundException.class, () -> service.blah());

您可以使用assertThrows()，但是使用assertThrows，即使抛出的异常是子类型，您的断言也将通过。

这是因为，JUnit 5通过调用Class.isInstance(..)来检查异常类型，即使抛出的异常是子类型，Class.isInstance(..)也会返回true。

解决方法是在Class上断言:

Throwable throwable =  assertThrows(Throwable.class, () -> {
    service.readFile("sampleFile.txt");
});
assertEquals(FileNotFoundException.class, throwable.getClass());

您可以使用assertThrows()。我的例子取自文档http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

....

@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
    Throwable exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("a message");
    });
    assertEquals("a message", exception.getMessage());
}

更简单的一行代码。使用Java 8和JUnit 5，本例不需要lambda表达式或花括号

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

@Test
void exceptionTesting() {

    assertThrows(MyException.class, myStackObject::doStackAction, "custom message if assertion fails..."); 

// note, no parenthesis on doStackAction ex ::pop NOT ::pop()
}