我在C#(ApplicationClass)中使用Excel互操作,并在finally子句中放置了以下代码:

while (System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelSheet) != 0) { }
excelSheet = null;
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

尽管这种方法有效,但即使在我关闭Excel之后,Excel.exe进程仍处于后台。它只在我的应用程序被手动关闭后发布。

我做错了什么,或者是否有其他方法可以确保正确处理互操作对象?


当前回答

Excel命名空间中的任何内容都需要发布。时期

你不能这样做:

Worksheet ws = excel.WorkBooks[1].WorkSheets[1];

你必须这样做

Workbooks books = excel.WorkBooks;
Workbook book = books[1];
Sheets sheets = book.WorkSheets;
Worksheet ws = sheets[1];

随后释放物体。

其他回答

为了说明Excel不关闭的原因,即使在读取和创建时为每个对象创建直接引用,也需要使用“For”循环。

For Each objWorkBook As WorkBook in objWorkBooks 'local ref, created from ExcelApp.WorkBooks to avoid the double-dot
   objWorkBook.Close 'or whatever
   FinalReleaseComObject(objWorkBook)
   objWorkBook = Nothing
Next 

'The above does not work, and this is the workaround:

For intCounter As Integer = 1 To mobjExcel_WorkBooks.Count
   Dim objTempWorkBook As Workbook = mobjExcel_WorkBooks.Item(intCounter)
   objTempWorkBook.Saved = True
   objTempWorkBook.Close(False, Type.Missing, Type.Missing)
   FinalReleaseComObject(objTempWorkBook)
   objTempWorkBook = Nothing
Next

我认为其中一些只是框架处理Office应用程序的方式,但我可能错了。在某些日子,一些应用程序会立即清理进程,而在其他日子,似乎要等到应用程序关闭。总的来说,我不再关注细节,只是确保一天结束时没有任何额外的流程。

还有,也许我过于简化了,但我想你可以。。。

objExcel = new Excel.Application();
objBook = (Excel.Workbook)(objExcel.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing));
DoSomeStuff(objBook);
SaveTheBook(objBook);
objBook.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
objExcel.Quit();

正如我之前所说,我不太关注Excel进程出现或消失的细节,但这通常对我有用。我也不喜欢在最短的时间内保持Excel进程,但我可能只是在这方面有点偏执。

这对我正在进行的一个项目起到了作用:

excelApp.Quit();
Marshal.ReleaseComObject (excelWB);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject (excelApp);
excelApp = null;

我们了解到,在使用Excel COM对象时,将其每个引用都设置为空非常重要。这包括单元格、工作表和所有内容。

我完全遵循了这个。。。但我还是遇到了1000次问题中的1次。谁知道为什么。是时候拿出锤子了。。。

在Excel应用程序类实例化之后,我就掌握了刚刚创建的Excel进程。

excel = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
var process = Process.GetProcessesByName("EXCEL").OrderByDescending(p => p.StartTime).First();

然后,在完成上述所有COM清理之后,我确保该进程没有运行。如果它还在运行,就杀了它!

if (!process.HasExited)
   process.Kill();

更新:添加了C#代码,并链接到Windows作业

我花了一些时间试图解决这个问题,当时XtremeVBTalk是最活跃和响应最快的。这里有一个链接到我的原始文章,“即使应用程序崩溃,也要干净地关闭Excel互操作过程”。下面是文章的摘要,以及复制到本文的代码。

使用Application.Quit()和process.Kill()关闭Interop进程在很大程度上是有效的,但如果应用程序发生灾难性崩溃,则会失败。也就是说,如果应用程序崩溃,Excel进程仍将运行松散。解决方案是让操作系统使用Win32调用通过Windows作业对象处理进程的清理。当主应用程序失效时,相关的进程(即Excel)也将终止。

我发现这是一个干净的解决方案,因为操作系统正在进行真正的清理工作。您所要做的就是注册Excel进程。

Windows作业代码

包装Win32 API调用以注册互操作进程。

public enum JobObjectInfoType
{
    AssociateCompletionPortInformation = 7,
    BasicLimitInformation = 2,
    BasicUIRestrictions = 4,
    EndOfJobTimeInformation = 6,
    ExtendedLimitInformation = 9,
    SecurityLimitInformation = 5,
    GroupInformation = 11
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
{
    public int nLength;
    public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
    public int bInheritHandle;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
    public Int64 PerProcessUserTimeLimit;
    public Int64 PerJobUserTimeLimit;
    public Int16 LimitFlags;
    public UInt32 MinimumWorkingSetSize;
    public UInt32 MaximumWorkingSetSize;
    public Int16 ActiveProcessLimit;
    public Int64 Affinity;
    public Int16 PriorityClass;
    public Int16 SchedulingClass;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct IO_COUNTERS
{
    public UInt64 ReadOperationCount;
    public UInt64 WriteOperationCount;
    public UInt64 OtherOperationCount;
    public UInt64 ReadTransferCount;
    public UInt64 WriteTransferCount;
    public UInt64 OtherTransferCount;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
    public JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION BasicLimitInformation;
    public IO_COUNTERS IoInfo;
    public UInt32 ProcessMemoryLimit;
    public UInt32 JobMemoryLimit;
    public UInt32 PeakProcessMemoryUsed;
    public UInt32 PeakJobMemoryUsed;
}

public class Job : IDisposable
{
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    static extern IntPtr CreateJobObject(object a, string lpName);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(IntPtr hJob, JobObjectInfoType infoType, IntPtr lpJobObjectInfo, uint cbJobObjectInfoLength);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern bool AssignProcessToJobObject(IntPtr job, IntPtr process);

    private IntPtr m_handle;
    private bool m_disposed = false;

    public Job()
    {
        m_handle = CreateJobObject(null, null);

        JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION info = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION();
        info.LimitFlags = 0x2000;

        JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION extendedInfo = new JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION();
        extendedInfo.BasicLimitInformation = info;

        int length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION));
        IntPtr extendedInfoPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(length);
        Marshal.StructureToPtr(extendedInfo, extendedInfoPtr, false);

        if (!SetInformationJobObject(m_handle, JobObjectInfoType.ExtendedLimitInformation, extendedInfoPtr, (uint)length))
            throw new Exception(string.Format("Unable to set information.  Error: {0}", Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()));
    }

    #region IDisposable Members

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    #endregion

    private void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (m_disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing) {}

        Close();
        m_disposed = true;
    }

    public void Close()
    {
        Win32.CloseHandle(m_handle);
        m_handle = IntPtr.Zero;
    }

    public bool AddProcess(IntPtr handle)
    {
        return AssignProcessToJobObject(m_handle, handle);
    }

}

关于构造函数代码的注释

在构造函数中,info.LimitFlags=0x2000;被调用。0x2000是JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE枚举值,MSDN将此值定义为:

当作业的最后一个句柄关闭。

获取进程ID(PID)的额外Win32 API调用

    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);

使用代码

    Excel.Application app = new Excel.ApplicationClass();
    Job job = new Job();
    uint pid = 0;
    Win32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(app.Hwnd), out pid);
    job.AddProcess(Process.GetProcessById((int)pid).Handle);