正如标题所示，我想选择用GROUP BY分组的每组行中的第一行。
具体来说，如果我有一个如下所示的采购表：
SELECT * FROM purchases;
我的输出：
| id | customer | total |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joe | 5 |
| 2 | Sally | 3 |
| 3 | Joe | 2 |
| 4 | Sally | 1 |
我想查询每个客户的最大购买量（总购买量）。类似于：
SELECT FIRST(id), customer, FIRST(total)
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer
ORDER BY total DESC;
预期输出：
| FIRST(id) | customer | FIRST(total) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joe | 5 |
| 2 | Sally | 3 |
当前回答
如果要从聚合行集合中选择任何行（根据特定条件）。如果您想使用除max/min之外的另一个（sum/avg）聚合函数。因此，您不能在DISTINCT ON时使用线索
您可以使用下一个子查询：
SELECT
(
SELECT **id** FROM t2
WHERE id = ANY ( ARRAY_AGG( tf.id ) ) AND amount = MAX( tf.amount )
) id,
name,
MAX(amount) ma,
SUM( ratio )
FROM t2 tf
GROUP BY name
您可以将amount=MAX（tf.amount）替换为任何需要的条件，但有一个限制：此子查询不能返回多行
但是如果你想做这样的事情，你可能需要寻找窗口函数
其他回答
如Erwin所指出的，由于存在SubQ，解决方案不是很有效
select * from purchases p1 where total in
(select max(total) from purchases where p1.customer=customer) order by total desc;
这是我们如何通过使用windows函数实现的：
create table purchases (id int4, customer varchar(10), total integer);
insert into purchases values (1, 'Joe', 5);
insert into purchases values (2, 'Sally', 3);
insert into purchases values (3, 'Joe', 2);
insert into purchases values (4, 'Sally', 1);
select ID, CUSTOMER, TOTAL from (
select ID, CUSTOMER, TOTAL,
row_number () over (partition by CUSTOMER order by TOTAL desc) RN
from purchases) A where RN = 1;
Snowflake/Teradata支持QUALIFY子句，其工作方式与窗口函数的HAVING类似：
SELECT id, customer, total
FROM PURCHASES
QUALIFY ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY p.customer ORDER BY p.total DESC) = 1
非常快速的解决方案
SELECT a.*
FROM
purchases a
JOIN (
SELECT customer, min( id ) as id
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer
) b USING ( id );
如果表是按id索引的，则速度非常快：
create index purchases_id on purchases (id);
对于SQl Server，最有效的方法是：
with
ids as ( --condition for split table into groups
select i from (values (9),(12),(17),(18),(19),(20),(22),(21),(23),(10)) as v(i)
)
,src as (
select * from yourTable where <condition> --use this as filter for other conditions
)
,joined as (
select tops.* from ids
cross apply --it`s like for each rows
(
select top(1) *
from src
where CommodityId = ids.i
) as tops
)
select * from joined
不要忘记为使用过的列创建聚集索引
