正如标题所示，我想选择用GROUP BY分组的每组行中的第一行。
具体来说，如果我有一个如下所示的采购表：
SELECT * FROM purchases;
我的输出：
| id | customer | total |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joe | 5 |
| 2 | Sally | 3 |
| 3 | Joe | 2 |
| 4 | Sally | 1 |
我想查询每个客户的最大购买量（总购买量）。类似于：
SELECT FIRST(id), customer, FIRST(total)
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer
ORDER BY total DESC;
预期输出：
| FIRST(id) | customer | FIRST(total) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joe | 5 |
| 2 | Sally | 3 |
当前回答
这样对我来说很有效：
SELECT article, dealer, price
FROM shop s1
WHERE price=(SELECT MAX(s2.price)
FROM shop s2
WHERE s1.article = s2.article
GROUP BY s2.article)
ORDER BY article;
选择每篇文章的最高价格
其他回答
在PostgreSQL中，另一种可能是将first_value窗口函数与SELECT DISTINCT结合使用：
select distinct customer_id,
first_value(row(id, total)) over(partition by customer_id order by total desc, id)
from purchases;
我创建了一个组合（id，total），因此两个值都由同一个聚合返回。当然，您可以始终应用first_value（）两次。
这是我们如何通过使用windows函数实现的：
create table purchases (id int4, customer varchar(10), total integer);
insert into purchases values (1, 'Joe', 5);
insert into purchases values (2, 'Sally', 3);
insert into purchases values (3, 'Joe', 2);
insert into purchases values (4, 'Sally', 1);
select ID, CUSTOMER, TOTAL from (
select ID, CUSTOMER, TOTAL,
row_number () over (partition by CUSTOMER order by TOTAL desc) RN
from purchases) A where RN = 1;
这可以通过MAX FUNCTION on total和GROUP by id和customer轻松实现。
SELECT id, customer, MAX(total) FROM purchases GROUP BY id, customer
ORDER BY total DESC;
对PostgreSQL、U-SQL、IBM DB2和Google BigQuery SQL使用ARRAY_AGG函数：
SELECT customer, (ARRAY_AGG(id ORDER BY total DESC))[1], MAX(total)
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer
如Erwin所指出的，由于存在SubQ，解决方案不是很有效
select * from purchases p1 where total in
(select max(total) from purchases where p1.customer=customer) order by total desc;
