我写了一个缓存类，

/**
 * Caches results returned from given fetcher callback for given key,
 * up to maxItems results, deletes the oldest results when full (FIFO).
 */
export class StaticCache
{
    static cachedData: Map<string, any> = new Map<string, any>();
    static maxItems: number = 400;

    static get(key: string){
        return this.cachedData.get(key);
    }

    static getOrFetch(key: string, fetcher: (string) => any): any {
        let value = this.cachedData.get(key);

        if (value != null){
            console.log("Cache HIT! (fetcher)");
            return value;
        }

        console.log("Cache MISS... (fetcher)");
        value = fetcher(key);
        this.add(key, value);
        return value;
    }

    static add(key, value){
        this.cachedData.set(key, value);
        this.deleteOverflowing();
    }

    static deleteOverflowing(): void {
        if (this.cachedData.size > this.maxItems) {
            this.deleteOldest(this.cachedData.size - this.maxItems);
        }
    }

    /// A Map object iterates its elements in insertion order — a for...of loop returns an array of [key, value] for each iteration.
    /// However that seems not to work. Trying with forEach.
    static deleteOldest(howMany: number): void {
        //console.debug("Deleting oldest " + howMany + " of " + this.cachedData.size);
        let iterKeys = this.cachedData.keys();
        let item: IteratorResult<string>;
        while (howMany-- > 0 && (item = iterKeys.next(), !item.done)){
            //console.debug("    Deleting: " + item.value);
            this.cachedData.delete(item.value); // Deleting while iterating should be ok in JS.
        }
    }

    static clear(): void {
        this.cachedData = new Map<string, any>();
    }

}

由于我们使用它的方式不同，所以它都是静态的，但是可以随意地将它变成一个正常的类和服务。我不确定angular是否会一直保持一个实例(对于Angular2来说是新的)。

我是这样使用它的:

            let httpService: Http = this.http;
            function fetcher(url: string): Observable<any> {
                console.log("    Fetching URL: " + url);
                return httpService.get(url).map((response: Response) => {
                    if (!response) return null;
                    if (typeof response.json() !== "array")
                        throw new Error("Graph REST should return an array of vertices.");
                    let items: any[] = graphService.fromJSONarray(response.json(), httpService);
                    return array ? items : items[0];
                });
            }

            // If data is a link, return a result of a service call.
            if (this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"] || this.data[verticesLabel][name]["_type"] == "link")
            {
                // Make an HTTP call.
                let url = this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"];
                let cachedObservable: Observable<any> = StaticCache.getOrFetch(url, fetcher);
                if (!cachedObservable)
                    throw new Error("Failed loading link: " + url);
                return cachedObservable;
            }

我认为可能有更聪明的方法，使用一些可观察的技巧，但这对我的目的来说已经很好了。

我找到了一种将http get结果存储到sessionStorage并将其用于会话的方法，这样它就永远不会再次调用服务器。

我用它来调用github API，以避免使用限制。

@Injectable()
export class HttpCache {
  constructor(private http: Http) {}

  get(url: string): Observable<any> {
    let cached: any;
    if (cached === sessionStorage.getItem(url)) {
      return Observable.of(JSON.parse(cached));
    } else {
      return this.http.get(url)
        .map(resp => {
          sessionStorage.setItem(url, resp.text());
          return resp.json();
        });
    }
  }
}

供您参考，sessionStorage限制是5M(或4.75M)。因此，它不应该用于大型数据集。

------编辑------------- 如果你想用F5刷新数据，它使用内存数据而不是sessionStorage;

@Injectable()
export class HttpCache {
  cached: any = {};  // this will store data
  constructor(private http: Http) {}

  get(url: string): Observable<any> {
    if (this.cached[url]) {
      return Observable.of(this.cached[url]));
    } else {
      return this.http.get(url)
        .map(resp => {
          this.cached[url] = resp.text();
          return resp.json();
        });
    }
  }
}

我认为@ngx-cache/core对于维护http调用的缓存功能是有用的，特别是如果http调用是在浏览器和服务器平台上进行的。

假设我们有以下方法:

getCustomer() {
  return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json());
}

你可以在第一次执行时使用@ngx-cache/core的Cached装饰器将HTTP调用方法的返回值存储在缓存存储中(存储可以配置，请检查ng-seed/universal的实现)。下一次调用该方法时(无论是在浏览器平台上还是在服务器平台上)，将从缓存存储中检索该值。

import { Cached } from '@ngx-cache/core';

...

@Cached('get-customer') // the cache key/identifier
getCustomer() {
  return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json());
}

还可以使用缓存API使用缓存方法(has、get、set)。

anyclass.ts

...
import { CacheService } from '@ngx-cache/core';

@Injectable()
export class AnyClass {
  constructor(private readonly cache: CacheService) {
    // note that CacheService is injected into a private property of AnyClass
  }

  // will retrieve 'some string value'
  getSomeStringValue(): string {
    if (this.cache.has('some-string'))
      return this.cache.get('some-string');

    this.cache.set('some-string', 'some string value');
    return 'some string value';
  }
}

下面是客户端和服务器端缓存的包列表:

@ngx-cache/core:缓存实用程序 @ngx-cache/platform- Browser: SPA/Browser平台实现 @ngx-cache/platform-server:服务器平台实现 @ngx-cache/fs-storage:存储工具(服务器平台需要)

根据@Cristian的建议，这是一种适用于HTTP可观察对象的方法，它只发射一次，然后就完成了:

getCustomer() {
    return this.http.get('/someUrl')
        .map(res => res.json()).publishLast().refCount();
}

RXJS 5.3.0

我对.map(myFunction).publishReplay(1).refCount()不满意

对于多个订阅者，.map()在某些情况下执行myFunction两次(我希望它只执行一次)。一个修复似乎是publishReplay(1).refCount().take(1)

你可以做的另一件事，就是不使用refCount()，让Observable立即热:

let obs = this.http.get('my/data.json').publishReplay(1);
obs.connect();
return obs;

这将启动HTTP请求，而不考虑订阅者。我不确定在HTTP GET完成之前取消订阅是否会取消它。

只需在map之后和任何订阅之前调用share()。

在我的例子中，我有一个通用服务(RestClientService.ts)，它进行其余调用，提取数据，检查错误，并将可观察对象返回到具体的实现服务(f.ex)。: ContractClientService.ts)，最后这个具体的实现将可观察对象返回给de ContractComponent。Ts，这个订阅来更新视图。

RestClientService.ts:

export abstract class RestClientService<T extends BaseModel> {

      public GetAll = (path: string, property: string): Observable<T[]> => {
        let fullPath = this.actionUrl + path;
        let observable = this._http.get(fullPath).map(res => this.extractData(res, property));
        observable = observable.share();  //allows multiple subscribers without making again the http request
        observable.subscribe(
          (res) => {},
          error => this.handleError2(error, "GetAll", fullPath),
          () => {}
        );
        return observable;
      }

  private extractData(res: Response, property: string) {
    ...
  }
  private handleError2(error: any, method: string, path: string) {
    ...
  }

}

ContractService.ts:

export class ContractService extends RestClientService<Contract> {
  private GET_ALL_ITEMS_REST_URI_PATH = "search";
  private GET_ALL_ITEMS_PROPERTY_PATH = "contract";
  public getAllItems(): Observable<Contract[]> {
    return this.GetAll(this.GET_ALL_ITEMS_REST_URI_PATH, this.GET_ALL_ITEMS_PROPERTY_PATH);
  }

}

ContractComponent.ts:

export class ContractComponent implements OnInit {

  getAllItems() {
    this.rcService.getAllItems().subscribe((data) => {
      this.items = data;
   });
  }

}