public static List<string> SplitByMaxLength(this string str)
    {
        List<string> splitString = new List<string>();

        for (int index = 0; index < str.Length; index += MaxLength)
        {
            splitString.Add(str.Substring(index, Math.Min(MaxLength, str.Length - index)));
        }

        return splitString;
    }

static IEnumerable<string> Split(string str, int chunkSize)
{
   IEnumerable<string> retVal = Enumerable.Range(0, str.Length / chunkSize)
        .Select(i => str.Substring(i * chunkSize, chunkSize))

   if (str.Length % chunkSize > 0)
        retVal = retVal.Append(str.Substring(str.Length / chunkSize * chunkSize, str.Length % chunkSize));

   return retVal;
}

它正确地处理不能被chunkSize整除的输入字符串长度。

请注意，可能需要额外的代码来优雅地处理边缘情况(null或空输入字符串，chunkSize == 0)。

public static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> SplitEvery<T>(this IEnumerable<T> values, int n)
{
    var ls = values.Take(n);
    var rs = values.Skip(n);
    return ls.Any() ?
        Cons(ls, SplitEvery(rs, n)) : 
        Enumerable.Empty<IEnumerable<T>>();
}

public static IEnumerable<T> Cons<T>(T x, IEnumerable<T> xs)
{
    yield return x;
    foreach (var xi in xs)
        yield return xi;
}

最近我不得不在工作中写一些东西来完成这个任务，所以我想我会把我对这个问题的解决方案贴出来。作为一个额外的好处，这个解决方案的功能提供了一种方法，以相反的方向分割字符串，并且它正确地处理上面Marvin Pinto提到的unicode字符。所以，就是这样:

using System;
using Extensions;

namespace TestCSharp
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {    
            string asciiStr = "This is a string.";
            string unicodeStr = "これは文字列です。";

            string[] array1 = asciiStr.Split(4);
            string[] array2 = asciiStr.Split(-4);

            string[] array3 = asciiStr.Split(7);
            string[] array4 = asciiStr.Split(-7);

            string[] array5 = unicodeStr.Split(5);
            string[] array6 = unicodeStr.Split(-5);
        }
    }
}

namespace Extensions
{
    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        /// <summary>Returns a string array that contains the substrings in this string that are seperated a given fixed length.</summary>
        /// <param name="s">This string object.</param>
        /// <param name="length">Size of each substring.
        ///     <para>CASE: length &gt; 0 , RESULT: String is split from left to right.</para>
        ///     <para>CASE: length == 0 , RESULT: String is returned as the only entry in the array.</para>
        ///     <para>CASE: length &lt; 0 , RESULT: String is split from right to left.</para>
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>String array that has been split into substrings of equal length.</returns>
        /// <example>
        ///     <code>
        ///         string s = "1234567890";
        ///         string[] a = s.Split(4); // a == { "1234", "5678", "90" }
        ///     </code>
        /// </example>            
        public static string[] Split(this string s, int length)
        {
            System.Globalization.StringInfo str = new System.Globalization.StringInfo(s);

            int lengthAbs = Math.Abs(length);

            if (str == null || str.LengthInTextElements == 0 || lengthAbs == 0 || str.LengthInTextElements <= lengthAbs)
                return new string[] { str.ToString() };

            string[] array = new string[(str.LengthInTextElements % lengthAbs == 0 ? str.LengthInTextElements / lengthAbs: (str.LengthInTextElements / lengthAbs) + 1)];

            if (length > 0)
                for (int iStr = 0, iArray = 0; iStr < str.LengthInTextElements && iArray < array.Length; iStr += lengthAbs, iArray++)
                    array[iArray] = str.SubstringByTextElements(iStr, (str.LengthInTextElements - iStr < lengthAbs ? str.LengthInTextElements - iStr : lengthAbs));
            else // if (length < 0)
                for (int iStr = str.LengthInTextElements - 1, iArray = array.Length - 1; iStr >= 0 && iArray >= 0; iStr -= lengthAbs, iArray--)
                    array[iArray] = str.SubstringByTextElements((iStr - lengthAbs < 0 ? 0 : iStr - lengthAbs + 1), (iStr - lengthAbs < 0 ? iStr + 1 : lengthAbs));

            return array;
        }
    }
}

此外，这里还有一个运行此代码结果的图像链接:http://i.imgur.com/16Iih.png

从。net 6开始，我们还可以使用Chunk方法:

var result = str
    .Chunk(4)
    .Select(x => new string(x))
    .ToList();

它基于@dove解决方案，但作为扩展方法实现。

好处:

扩展方法 涵盖角落案例 分割字符串与任何字符:数字，字母，其他符号

Code

public static class EnumerableEx
{    
    public static IEnumerable<string> SplitBy(this string str, int chunkLength)
    {
        if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) throw new ArgumentException();
        if (chunkLength < 1) throw new ArgumentException();

        for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i += chunkLength)
        {
            if (chunkLength + i > str.Length)
                chunkLength = str.Length - i;

            yield return str.Substring(i, chunkLength);
        }
    }
}

使用

var result = "bobjoecat".SplitBy(3); // bob, joe, cat

为简洁起见，删除了单元测试(请参阅以前的修订版)