最近的Clang编译器有一个__FILE_NAME__宏(见这里)。

c++ 11 msvc2015u3、gcc5.4 clang3.8.0 模板<typename T, size_t S> (const T (& str)[S]， size_t i = S - 1) ｛ 返回(str[i] == '/' || str[i] == '\\') ?I + 1:(I > 0 ?Get_file_name_offset (str, I - 1): 0); ｝ template <typename T> (T (& str)[1]) ｛ 返回0; ｝

'

    int main()
    {
         printf("%s\n", &__FILE__[get_file_name_offset(__FILE__)]);
    }

代码在以下情况下产生编译时偏移量:

gcc:至少gcc6.1 + -O1 Msvc:将结果放入constexpr变量: constexpr auto file = &__FILE__[get_file_name_offset(__FILE__)]; printf (" % s \ n ",文件); Clang:坚持不编译时计算

有一个技巧可以强制所有3个编译器进行编译时间计算，即使在调试配置中禁用优化:

    namespace utility {

        template <typename T, T v>
        struct const_expr_value
        {
            static constexpr const T value = v;
        };

    }

    #define UTILITY_CONST_EXPR_VALUE(exp) ::utility::const_expr_value<decltype(exp), exp>::value

    int main()
    {
         printf("%s\n", &__FILE__[UTILITY_CONST_EXPR_VALUE(get_file_name_offset(__FILE__))]);
    }

https://godbolt.org/z/u6s8j3

如果您最终在本页上寻找一种方法，以从您正在交付的二进制文件中删除指向丑陋构建位置的绝对源路径，那么下面可能适合您的需要。

尽管这并没有得到作者所希望的答案，因为它假设使用CMake，但它已经非常接近了。很遗憾之前没有人提到这一点，因为这可以节省我很多时间。

OPTION(CMAKE_USE_RELATIVE_PATHS "If true, cmake will use relative paths" ON)

将上述变量设置为ON将生成如下格式的构建命令:

cd /ugly/absolute/path/to/project/build/src && 
    gcc <.. other flags ..> -c ../../src/path/to/source.c

因此，__FILE__宏将解析为../../src/path/to/source.c

CMake文档

但是要注意文档页上的警告:

使用相对路径(可能不起作用!)

它不能保证在所有情况下都能工作，但在我的CMake 3.13 + gcc 4.5中工作

我多年来一直使用@Patrick的答案。

当完整路径包含符号链接时，它有一个小问题。

更好的解决方案。

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined -D'__FILE__=\"$(subst $(realpath ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})/,,$(abspath $<))\"'")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined -D'__FILE__=\"$(subst $(realpath ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR})/,,$(abspath $<))\"'")

为什么要用这个?

-Wno-builtin-macro-redefined to mute the compiler warnings for redefining __FILE__ macro. For those compilers do not support this, refer to the Robust way below. Strip the project path from the file path is your real requirement. You won't like to waste the time to find out where is a header.h file, src/foo/header.h or src/bar/header.h. We should strip the __FILE__ macro in cmake config file. This macro is used in most exists codes. Simply redefine it can set you free. Compilers like gcc predefines this macro from the command line arguments. And the full path is written in makefiles generated by cmake. Hard code in CMAKE_*_FLAGS is required. There is some commands to add compiler options or definitions in some more recently version, like add_definitions() and add_compile_definitions(). These commands will parse the make functions like subst before apply to source files. That is not we want.

重新定义- wno -内置宏的健壮方法。

include(CheckCCompilerFlag)
check_c_compiler_flag(-Wno-builtin-macro-redefined SUPPORT_C_WNO_BUILTIN_MACRO_REDEFINED)
if (SUPPORT_C_WNO_BUILTIN_MACRO_REDEFINED)
    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined")
endif (SUPPORT_C_WNO_BUILTIN_MACRO_REDEFINED)
include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
check_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wno-builtin-macro-redefined SUPPORT_CXX_WNO_BUILTIN_MACRO_REDEFINED)
if (SUPPORT_CXX_WNO_BUILTIN_MACRO_REDEFINED)
    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-builtin-macro-redefined")
endif (SUPPORT_CXX_WNO_BUILTIN_MACRO_REDEFINED)

记住从集合(*_FLAGS…-D__FILE__ =…)。

下面是一个解决方案，适用于没有字符串库的环境(Linux内核，嵌入式系统等):

#define FILENAME ({ \
    const char* filename_start = __FILE__; \
    const char* filename = filename_start; \
    while(*filename != '\0') \
        filename++; \
    while((filename != filename_start) && (*(filename - 1) != '/')) \
        filename--; \
    filename; })

现在只需使用FILENAME而不是__FILENAME__。是的，它仍然是一个运行时的东西，但它是有效的。

如果你使用CMAKE和GNU编译器，这个全局定义工作正常:

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -D__MY_FILE__='\"$(notdir $(abspath $<))\"'")