我有一个shell脚本与这段代码:

var=`hg st -R "$path"`
if [ -n "$var" ]; then
    echo $var
fi

但是条件代码总是执行,因为hg st总是打印至少一个换行符。

是否有一个简单的方法从$var中剥离空白(如PHP中的trim())?

or

有没有处理这个问题的标准方法?

我可以使用sed或AWK,但我认为有一个更优雅的解决方案来解决这个问题。


当前回答

要做到这一点,最简单和最便宜的方法是利用回声忽略空格。所以,就用

dest=$(echo $source)

例如:

> VAR="   Hello    World   "
> echo "x${VAR}x"
x   Hello    World   x
> TRIMD=$(echo $VAR)
> echo "x${TRIMD}x"
xHello Worldx

注意,这也将多个空格合并为一个空格。

其他回答

在BASH中有几个不同的选项:

line=${line##+([[:space:]])}    # strip leading whitespace;  no quote expansion!
line=${line%%+([[:space:]])}   # strip trailing whitespace; no quote expansion!
line=${line//[[:space:]]/}   # strip all whitespace
line=${line//[[:space:]]/}   # strip all whitespace

line=${line//[[:blank:]]/}   # strip all blank space

前两个需要预先设置/启用extglob:

shopt -s extglob  # bash only

注意:引号内的变量展开打破了前两个例子!

这里详细介绍了POSIX括号表达式的模式匹配行为。如果您正在使用更现代/可黑客的shell,例如Fish,则有用于字符串修剪的内置函数。

虽然它不是严格的Bash,这将做你想要的和更多:

php -r '$x = trim("  hi there  "); echo $x;'

如果你也想让它小写,可以这样做:

php -r '$x = trim("  Hi There  "); $x = strtolower($x) ; echo $x;'

我总是用sed来做

  var=`hg st -R "$path" | sed -e 's/  *$//'`

如果有更优雅的解决方案,我希望有人能发布出来。

我必须测试一个命令的结果(数字),但似乎变量的结果包含空格和一些不可打印的字符。因此,即使经过“修整”,这种比较也是错误的。 我通过从变量中提取数值部分来解决它:

numerical_var=$(echo ${var_with_result_from_command} | grep -o "[0-9]*")

答案有很多,但我仍然认为我刚刚写的剧本值得一提,因为:

it was successfully tested in the shells bash/dash/busybox shell it is extremely small it doesn't depend on external commands and doesn't need to fork (->fast and low resource usage) it works as expected: it strips all spaces and tabs from beginning and end, but not more important: it doesn't remove anything from the middle of the string (many other answers do), even newlines will remain special: the "$*" joins multiple arguments using one space. if you want to trim & output only the first argument, use "$1" instead if doesn't have any problems with matching file name patterns etc

脚本:

trim() {
  local s2 s="$*"
  until s2="${s#[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
  until s2="${s%[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
  echo "$s"
}

用法:

mystring="   here     is
    something    "
mystring=$(trim "$mystring")
echo ">$mystring<"

输出:

>here     is
    something<