I have worked with many digital storage systems and they all store digital objects on the file system. They tend to use a branch approach, so there will be an archive tree on the file system, often starting with year of entry e.g. 2009, subdirectory will be month e.g. 8 for August, next directory will be day e.g. 11 and sometimes they will use hour as well, the file will then be named with the records persistent ID. Using BLOBS has its advantages and I have heard of it being used often in the IT parts of the chemical industry for storing thousands or millions of photographs and diagrams. It can provide more granular security, a single method of backup, potentially better data integrity and improved inter media searching, Oracle has many features for this within the package they used to call Intermedia (I think it is called something else now). The file system can also have granular security provided through a system such as XACML or another XML type security object. See D Space of Fedora Object Store for examples.

我负责一些管理许多TB图像的应用程序。我们发现在数据库中存储文件路径是最好的。

这里有几个问题:

database storage is usually more expensive than file system storage you can super-accelerate file system access with standard off the shelf products for example, many web servers use the operating system's sendfile() system call to asynchronously send a file directly from the file system to the network interface. Images stored in a database don't benefit from this optimization. things like web servers, etc, need no special coding or processing to access images in the file system databases win out where transactional integrity between the image and metadata are important. it is more complex to manage integrity between db metadata and file system data it is difficult (within the context of a web application) to guarantee data has been flushed to disk on the filesystem

文件存储。Facebook的工程师们对此进行了热烈的讨论。一个收获是了解目录中文件的实际限制。

大海捞针:高效存储数十亿张照片

在必须保证引用完整性和ACID遵从性的地方，需要在数据库中存储图像。

你不能保证图像和存储在数据库中的关于该图像的元数据引用同一个文件。换句话说，不可能保证文件系统上的文件只与元数据在同一时间和同一事务中被修改。

你的网络服务器(我假设你正在使用)是用来处理图像的，而数据库不是。因此，我会大力投反对票。

在数据库中只存储路径(可能还有文件信息)。

我是一个企业文档管理系统的首席开发人员，一些客户在这个系统中存储了数百gb的文档。在不久的将来会达到tb级。我们使用文件系统方法是出于本页提到的许多原因，另外还有一个原因:存档。

我们的许多客户必须遵守行业特定的存档规则，例如存储到光盘或非专有格式的存储。此外，您还可以灵活地向NAS设备添加更多磁盘。如果你把文件存储在你的数据库中，即使使用SQL Server 2008的文件流数据类型，你的存档选项也会变得非常狭窄。