使用numpy.where可以获得更快的结果。

例如，使用unubtu的设置-

In [76]: df.iloc[np.where(df.A.values=='foo')]
Out[76]: 
     A      B  C   D
0  foo    one  0   0
2  foo    two  2   4
4  foo    two  4   8
6  foo    one  6  12
7  foo  three  7  14

时间比较：

In [68]: %timeit df.iloc[np.where(df.A.values=='foo')]  # fastest
1000 loops, best of 3: 380 µs per loop

In [69]: %timeit df.loc[df['A'] == 'foo']
1000 loops, best of 3: 745 µs per loop

In [71]: %timeit df.loc[df['A'].isin(['foo'])]
1000 loops, best of 3: 562 µs per loop

In [72]: %timeit df[df.A=='foo']
1000 loops, best of 3: 796 µs per loop

In [74]: %timeit df.query('(A=="foo")')  # slowest
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.71 ms per loop

tl；博士

熊猫相当于

select * from table where column_name = some_value

is

table[table.column_name == some_value]

多种条件：

table[(table.column_name == some_value) | (table.column_name2 == some_value2)]

or

table.query('column_name == some_value | column_name2 == some_value2')

代码示例

import pandas as pd

# Create data set
d = {'foo':[100, 111, 222],
     'bar':[333, 444, 555]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)

# Full dataframe:
df

# Shows:
#    bar   foo
# 0  333   100
# 1  444   111
# 2  555   222

# Output only the row(s) in df where foo is 222:
df[df.foo == 222]

# Shows:
#    bar  foo
# 2  555  222

在上面的代码中，是df[df.foo==222]行根据列值给出行，在本例中为222。

也可能出现多种情况：

df[(df.foo == 222) | (df.bar == 444)]
#    bar  foo
# 1  444  111
# 2  555  222

但在这一点上，我建议使用查询函数，因为它不那么冗长，并产生相同的结果：

df.query('foo == 222 | bar == 444')

对于Pandas中给定值的多个列中仅选择特定列：

select col_name1, col_name2 from table where column_name = some_value.

选项位置：

df.loc[df['column_name'] == some_value, [col_name1, col_name2]]

或查询：

df.query('column_name == some_value')[[col_name1, col_name2]]

如果您想重复查询数据帧，并且速度对您很重要，最好的方法是将数据帧转换为字典，然后通过这样做，您可以将查询速度提高数千倍。

my_df = df.set_index(column_name)
my_dict = my_df.to_dict('index')

制作my_dict字典后，您可以浏览：

if some_value in my_dict.keys():
   my_result = my_dict[some_value]

如果column_name中有重复值，则无法创建字典。但您可以使用：

my_result = my_df.loc[some_value]

下面是一个简单的例子

from pandas import DataFrame

# Create data set
d = {'Revenue':[100,111,222], 
     'Cost':[333,444,555]}
df = DataFrame(d)


# mask = Return True when the value in column "Revenue" is equal to 111
mask = df['Revenue'] == 111

print mask

# Result:
# 0    False
# 1     True
# 2    False
# Name: Revenue, dtype: bool


# Select * FROM df WHERE Revenue = 111
df[mask]

# Result:
#    Cost    Revenue
# 1  444     111

要添加：您还可以执行df.groupby（'column_name'）.get_group（'column_desired_value'）.reset_index（）以生成具有特定值的指定列的新数据帧。例如。，

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': 'foo bar foo bar foo bar foo foo'.split(),
                   'B': 'one one two three two two one three'.split()})
print("Original dataframe:")
print(df)

b_is_two_dataframe = pd.DataFrame(df.groupby('B').get_group('two').reset_index()).drop('index', axis = 1) 
#NOTE: the final drop is to remove the extra index column returned by groupby object
print('Sub dataframe where B is two:')
print(b_is_two_dataframe)

运行此命令可以：

Original dataframe:
     A      B
0  foo    one
1  bar    one
2  foo    two
3  bar  three
4  foo    two
5  bar    two
6  foo    one
7  foo  three
Sub dataframe where B is two:
     A    B
0  foo  two
1  foo  two
2  bar  two