最好的解决方案取决于你需要从你的假枚举中得到什么。

简单的枚举:

如果你只需要枚举作为标识不同项目的名称列表，Mark Harrison(上图)的解决方案是很棒的:

Pen, Pencil, Eraser = range(0, 3)

使用范围还允许你设置任何起始值:

Pen, Pencil, Eraser = range(9, 12)

除此之外，如果你还要求项属于某种类型的容器，那么将它们嵌入到一个类中:

class Stationery:
    Pen, Pencil, Eraser = range(0, 3)

要使用枚举项，你现在需要使用容器名和项名:

stype = Stationery.Pen

复杂的枚举:

对于枚举的长列表或更复杂的enum使用，这些解决方案是不够的。你可以参考Will Ware在Python Cookbook中发布的关于在Python中模拟枚举的食谱。这里有一个在线版本。

更多信息:

PEP 354: Python中的枚举有关于Python中的枚举建议的有趣细节，以及为什么它被拒绝。

这是我见过的最好的一个:“Python中的First Class Enums”

http://code.activestate.com/recipes/413486/

It gives you a class, and the class contains all the enums. The enums can be compared to each other, but don't have any particular value; you can't use them as an integer value. (I resisted this at first because I am used to C enums, which are integer values. But if you can't use it as an integer, you can't use it as an integer by mistake so overall I think it is a win.) Each enum is a unique value. You can print enums, you can iterate over them, you can test that an enum value is "in" the enum. It's pretty complete and slick.

编辑(cfi):上面的链接不兼容Python 3。下面是我将枚举.py移植到Python 3的端口:

def cmp(a,b):
   if a < b: return -1
   if b < a: return 1
   return 0


def Enum(*names):
   ##assert names, "Empty enums are not supported" # <- Don't like empty enums? Uncomment!

   class EnumClass(object):
      __slots__ = names
      def __iter__(self):        return iter(constants)
      def __len__(self):         return len(constants)
      def __getitem__(self, i):  return constants[i]
      def __repr__(self):        return 'Enum' + str(names)
      def __str__(self):         return 'enum ' + str(constants)

   class EnumValue(object):
      __slots__ = ('__value')
      def __init__(self, value): self.__value = value
      Value = property(lambda self: self.__value)
      EnumType = property(lambda self: EnumType)
      def __hash__(self):        return hash(self.__value)
      def __cmp__(self, other):
         # C fans might want to remove the following assertion
         # to make all enums comparable by ordinal value {;))
         assert self.EnumType is other.EnumType, "Only values from the same enum are comparable"
         return cmp(self.__value, other.__value)
      def __lt__(self, other):   return self.__cmp__(other) < 0
      def __eq__(self, other):   return self.__cmp__(other) == 0
      def __invert__(self):      return constants[maximum - self.__value]
      def __nonzero__(self):     return bool(self.__value)
      def __repr__(self):        return str(names[self.__value])

   maximum = len(names) - 1
   constants = [None] * len(names)
   for i, each in enumerate(names):
      val = EnumValue(i)
      setattr(EnumClass, each, val)
      constants[i] = val
   constants = tuple(constants)
   EnumType = EnumClass()
   return EnumType


if __name__ == '__main__':
   print( '\n*** Enum Demo ***')
   print( '--- Days of week ---')
   Days = Enum('Mo', 'Tu', 'We', 'Th', 'Fr', 'Sa', 'Su')
   print( Days)
   print( Days.Mo)
   print( Days.Fr)
   print( Days.Mo < Days.Fr)
   print( list(Days))
   for each in Days:
      print( 'Day:', each)
   print( '--- Yes/No ---')
   Confirmation = Enum('No', 'Yes')
   answer = Confirmation.No
   print( 'Your answer is not', ~answer)

保持简单，使用旧的Python 2。x(参见下面的Python 3!):

class Enum(object): 
    def __init__(self, tupleList):
            self.tupleList = tupleList
    
    def __getattr__(self, name):
            return self.tupleList.index(name)

然后:

DIRECTION = Enum(('UP', 'DOWN', 'LEFT', 'RIGHT'))
DIRECTION.DOWN
1

在使用Python 3时保持简单:

from enum import Enum
class MyEnum(Enum):
    UP = 1
    DOWN = 2
    LEFT = 3
    RIGHT = 4

然后:

MyEnum.DOWN

参见:https://docs.python.org/3/library/enum.html

Davidg建议使用词典。我想更进一步，使用集合:

months = set('January', 'February', ..., 'December')

现在你可以测试一个值是否与集合中的一个值匹配，如下所示:

if m in months:

但是，像dF，我通常只使用字符串常量来代替枚举。

这里是一个实现:

class Enum(set):
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name in self:
            return name
        raise AttributeError

下面是它的用法:

Animals = Enum(["DOG", "CAT", "HORSE"])

print(Animals.DOG)

def M_add_class_attribs(attribs):
    def foo(name, bases, dict_):
        for v, k in attribs:
            dict_[k] = v
        return type(name, bases, dict_)
    return foo

def enum(*names):
    class Foo(object):
        __metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs(enumerate(names))
        def __setattr__(self, name, value):  # this makes it read-only
            raise NotImplementedError
    return Foo()

像这样使用它:

Animal = enum('DOG', 'CAT')
Animal.DOG # returns 0
Animal.CAT # returns 1
Animal.DOG = 2 # raises NotImplementedError

如果你只想要唯一的符号，不关心值，替换这行:

__metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs(enumerate(names))

用这个:

__metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs((object(), name) for name in names)