当我试着在我的iPhone上检查网络连接时,我得到了一堆错误。有人能帮我解决这个问题吗?

代码:

import Foundation
import SystemConfiguration

public class Reachability {

class func isConnectedToNetwork() -> Bool {

    var zeroAddress = sockaddr_in()
    zeroAddress.sin_len = UInt8(sizeofValue(zeroAddress))
    zeroAddress.sin_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET)

    let defaultRouteReachability = withUnsafePointer(&zeroAddress) {
        SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, UnsafePointer($0))
    }

    var flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags = 0

    if SCNetworkReachabilityGetFlags(defaultRouteReachability, &flags) == 0 {
        return false
    }

    let isReachable = (flags & UInt32(kSCNetworkFlagsReachable)) != 0
    let needsConnection = (flags & UInt32(kSCNetworkFlagsConnectionRequired)) != 0

    return (isReachable && !needsConnection) ? true : false
}

}

代码的错误:

如果它是不可读的,错误1说:

'Int'不能转换为'SCNetworkReachabilityFlags'

错误2和3:

找不到一个超载的'init'接受提供的参数


当前回答

iOS12 Swift 4和Swift 5

如果你只是想检查连接,你的最低目标是iOS12,那么你可以使用NWPathMonitor

import Network

它需要一些属性的设置。

let internetMonitor = NWPathMonitor()
let internetQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "InternetMonitor")
private var hasConnectionPath = false

我创建了一个函数来启动它。你可以在viewdidload或其他地方做这个。我派了个保镖,你想怎么打就怎么打。

func startInternetTracking() {
    // only fires once
    guard internetMonitor.pathUpdateHandler == nil else {
        return
    }
    internetMonitor.pathUpdateHandler = { update in
        if update.status == .satisfied {
            print("Internet connection on.")
            self.hasConnectionPath = true
        } else {
            print("no internet connection.")
            self.hasConnectionPath = false
        }
    }
    internetMonitor.start(queue: internetQueue)
}

/// will tell you if the device has an Internet connection
/// - Returns: true if there is some kind of connection
func hasInternet() -> Bool {
    return hasConnectionPath
}

现在只需调用helper函数hasInternet()来查看是否有。它实时更新。请参阅Apple文档中的NWPathMonitor。它有更多的功能,如取消(),如果你需要停止跟踪连接,你正在寻找的互联网类型等。 https://developer.apple.com/documentation/network/nwpathmonitor

其他回答

我已经检查了实现阿什利米尔的可达性类没有可可荚/依赖管理器。其思想是使项目中的可达性依赖项免费。

Xcode 7.2 - Swift 2.1

1) https://github.com/ashleymills/Reachability.swift。下载将Reachability类添加到项目中。

注:添加时,请确保勾选“如需复制项目”。

2)创建一个AppManager.swift类。这个类将迎合公共模型类,其中公共方法和数据将被添加,可以在任何VC中使用。

//  AppManager.swift

import UIKit
import Foundation

class AppManager: NSObject{
    var delegate:AppManagerDelegate? = nil
    private var _useClosures:Bool = false
    private var reachability: Reachability?
    private var _isReachability:Bool = false
    private var _reachabiltyNetworkType :String?

    var isReachability:Bool {
        get {return _isReachability}
    }  
   var reachabiltyNetworkType:String {
    get {return _reachabiltyNetworkType! }
   }   




    // Create a shared instance of AppManager
    final  class var sharedInstance : AppManager {
        struct Static {
            static var instance : AppManager?
        }
        if !(Static.instance != nil) {
            Static.instance = AppManager()

        }
        return Static.instance!
    }

    // Reachability Methods
    func initRechabilityMonitor() {
        print("initialize rechability...")
        do {
            let reachability = try Reachability.reachabilityForInternetConnection()
            self.reachability = reachability
        } catch ReachabilityError.FailedToCreateWithAddress(let address) {
            print("Unable to create\nReachability with address:\n\(address)")
            return
        } catch {}
        if (_useClosures) {
            reachability?.whenReachable = { reachability in
                self.notifyReachability(reachability)
            }
            reachability?.whenUnreachable = { reachability in
                self.notifyReachability(reachability)
            }
        } else {
            self.notifyReachability(reachability!)
        }

        do {
            try reachability?.startNotifier()
        } catch {
            print("unable to start notifier")
            return
        }


    }        
    private func notifyReachability(reachability:Reachability) {
        if reachability.isReachable() {
            self._isReachability = true

//Determine Network Type 
      if reachability.isReachableViaWiFi() {   
        self._reachabiltyNetworkType = CONNECTION_NETWORK_TYPE.WIFI_NETWORK.rawValue
      } else {
        self._reachabiltyNetworkType = CONNECTION_NETWORK_TYPE.WWAN_NETWORK.rawValue
      }

        } else {
            self._isReachability = false
self._reachabiltyNetworkType = CONNECTION_NETWORK_TYPE.OTHER.rawValue

        }

        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "reachabilityChanged:", name: ReachabilityChangedNotification, object: reachability)
    }
    func reachabilityChanged(note: NSNotification) {
        let reachability = note.object as! Reachability
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
            if (self._useClosures) {
                self.reachability?.whenReachable = { reachability in
                    self.notifyReachability(reachability)
                }
                self.reachability?.whenUnreachable = { reachability in
                    self.notifyReachability(reachability)
                }
            } else {
                self.notifyReachability(reachability)
            }
            self.delegate?.reachabilityStatusChangeHandler(reachability)
        }
    }
    deinit {
        reachability?.stopNotifier()
        if (!_useClosures) {
            NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().removeObserver(self, name: ReachabilityChangedNotification, object: nil)
        }
    }
}

3)创建一个委托类。我使用委托方法来通知连接状态。

//  Protocols.swift

import Foundation
@objc protocol AppManagerDelegate:NSObjectProtocol {

    func reachabilityStatusChangeHandler(reachability:Reachability)
}

4)创建UIViewController的父类(继承方法)。父类具有所有子vc都可以访问的方法。

//  UIappViewController.swift

    import UIKit

    class UIappViewController: UIViewController,AppManagerDelegate {
        var manager:AppManager = AppManager.sharedInstance

        override func viewDidLoad() {
            super.viewDidLoad()
            manager.delegate = self
        }
        override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
            super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        }
        func reachabilityStatusChangeHandler(reachability: Reachability) {
            if reachability.isReachable() {
                print("isReachable")
            } else {
                print("notReachable")
            }
        }
    }

5)在AppDelegate中启动实时Internet连接监控。

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
    AppManager.sharedInstance.initRechabilityMonitor()
return true
}

6)我已经添加了一个Swift文件名AppReference来存储常量enum值。

//  AppReference.swift

import Foundation

enum CONNECTION_NETWORK_TYPE : String {

  case WIFI_NETWORK = "Wifi"
  case WWAN_NETWORK = "Cellular"
  case OTHER = "Other"

}

7)在ViewController上(例如,你只想在网络可用的情况下调用API)

//  ViewController.swift

        import UIKit

class ViewController: UIappViewController {
  var reachability:Reachability?

  override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    manager.delegate = self

    if(AppManager.sharedInstance.isReachability)
    {
      print("net available")
      //call API from here.

    } else {
      dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
        print("net not available")
        //Show Alert
      }
    }


    //Determine Network Type
    if(AppManager.sharedInstance.reachabiltyNetworkType == "Wifi")
    {
      print(".Wifi")
    }
    else if (AppManager.sharedInstance.reachabiltyNetworkType == "Cellular")
    {
      print(".Cellular")
    }
    else {
      dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
        print("Network not reachable")
      }
    }

  }
  override func viewWillAppear(animated: Bool) {
  }
  override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
  }
}

样本可以在https://github.com/alvinreuben/Reachability-Sample上下载

升级到Swift 3.1- https://github.com/alvinvgeorge/Reachability-UpgradedToSwift3

虽然没有直接回答你的问题,但我想提一下苹果公司最近有这样一个谈话:

https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2018/714/

大约在9点55分,他谈到了做你正在问的事情:

检查连接 如果连接->做点什么 如果没有连接->执行其他操作(等待?重试?)

然而,这有一些陷阱:

如果在第二步中,它说它有连接,但0.5秒后他就没有了呢? 如果用户在代理的后面呢 最后但并非最不重要的是,如果这里的一些答案不能确定连通性呢?(我敢肯定,如果你快速切换你的连接,去wi-fi,然后关掉它(只是让它变得复杂),它几乎永远不能正确地判断我是否获得了连接)。 视频中说:“没有办法保证未来的行动是否会成功。”

以下是苹果公司的一些最佳实践:

设置waitsForConnectivity为true (https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/urlsessionconfiguration/2908812-waitsforconnectivity) 响应委托方法taskIsWaitingForConnectivity (https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/urlsessiontaskdelegate/2908819-urlsession)。这是苹果推荐的检查连接的方法,正如33:25的视频中提到的那样。

根据谈话,不应该有任何理由预先检查你是否有互联网连接,因为在你向服务器发送请求时,它可能并不准确。

这是我自己发现的。

Xcode: 7.3.1, iOS 9.3.3

在我的项目中使用ashleymills/Reachability.swift作为Reachability.swift,我创建了以下函数:

func hasConnectivity() -> Bool {
    do {
        let reachability: Reachability = try Reachability.reachabilityForInternetConnection()
        let networkStatus: Int = reachability.currentReachabilityStatus.hashValue

        return (networkStatus != 0)
    }
    catch {
        // Handle error however you please
        return false
    }
}

只要在需要检查连接的地方调用hasConnectivity()即可。这适用于Wifi和蜂窝网络。


添加ashleyymills的reacbility .swift,这样人们就不必在不同的网站之间切换了:

Copyright (c) 2014, Ashley Mills
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

// Reachability.swift version 2.2beta2

import SystemConfiguration
import Foundation

public enum ReachabilityError: ErrorType {
    case FailedToCreateWithAddress(sockaddr_in)
    case FailedToCreateWithHostname(String)
    case UnableToSetCallback
    case UnableToSetDispatchQueue
}

public let ReachabilityChangedNotification = "ReachabilityChangedNotification"

func callback(reachability:SCNetworkReachability, flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags, info: UnsafeMutablePointer<Void>) {
    let reachability = Unmanaged<Reachability>.fromOpaque(COpaquePointer(info)).takeUnretainedValue()

    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
        reachability.reachabilityChanged(flags)
    }
}


public class Reachability: NSObject {

    public typealias NetworkReachable = (Reachability) -> ()
    public typealias NetworkUnreachable = (Reachability) -> ()

    public enum NetworkStatus: CustomStringConvertible {

        case NotReachable, ReachableViaWiFi, ReachableViaWWAN

        public var description: String {
            switch self {
            case .ReachableViaWWAN:
                return "Cellular"
            case .ReachableViaWiFi:
                return "WiFi"
            case .NotReachable:
                return "No Connection"
            }
        }
    }

    // MARK: - *** Public properties ***
    public var whenReachable: NetworkReachable?
    public var whenUnreachable: NetworkUnreachable?
    public var reachableOnWWAN: Bool
    public var notificationCenter = NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter()

    public var currentReachabilityStatus: NetworkStatus {
        if isReachable() {
            if isReachableViaWiFi() {
                return .ReachableViaWiFi
            }
            if isRunningOnDevice {
                return .ReachableViaWWAN
            }
        }
        return .NotReachable
    }

    public var currentReachabilityString: String {
        return "\(currentReachabilityStatus)"
    }

    private var previousFlags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags?

    // MARK: - *** Initialisation methods ***

    required public init(reachabilityRef: SCNetworkReachability) {
        reachableOnWWAN = true
        self.reachabilityRef = reachabilityRef
    }

    public convenience init(hostname: String) throws {

        let nodename = (hostname as NSString).UTF8String
        guard let ref = SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithName(nil, nodename) else { throw ReachabilityError.FailedToCreateWithHostname(hostname) }

        self.init(reachabilityRef: ref)
    }

    public class func reachabilityForInternetConnection() throws -> Reachability {

        var zeroAddress = sockaddr_in()
        zeroAddress.sin_len = UInt8(sizeofValue(zeroAddress))
        zeroAddress.sin_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET)

        guard let ref = withUnsafePointer(&zeroAddress, {
            SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, UnsafePointer($0))
        }) else { throw ReachabilityError.FailedToCreateWithAddress(zeroAddress) }

        return Reachability(reachabilityRef: ref)
    }

    public class func reachabilityForLocalWiFi() throws -> Reachability {

        var localWifiAddress: sockaddr_in = sockaddr_in(sin_len: __uint8_t(0), sin_family: sa_family_t(0), sin_port: in_port_t(0), sin_addr: in_addr(s_addr: 0), sin_zero: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
        localWifiAddress.sin_len = UInt8(sizeofValue(localWifiAddress))
        localWifiAddress.sin_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET)

        // IN_LINKLOCALNETNUM is defined in <netinet/in.h> as 169.254.0.0
        let address: UInt32 = 0xA9FE0000
        localWifiAddress.sin_addr.s_addr = in_addr_t(address.bigEndian)

        guard let ref = withUnsafePointer(&localWifiAddress, {
            SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, UnsafePointer($0))
        }) else { throw ReachabilityError.FailedToCreateWithAddress(localWifiAddress) }

        return Reachability(reachabilityRef: ref)
    }

    // MARK: - *** Notifier methods ***
    public func startNotifier() throws {

        guard !notifierRunning else { return }

        var context = SCNetworkReachabilityContext(version: 0, info: nil, retain: nil, release: nil, copyDescription: nil)
        context.info = UnsafeMutablePointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(self).toOpaque())

        if !SCNetworkReachabilitySetCallback(reachabilityRef!, callback, &context) {
            stopNotifier()
            throw ReachabilityError.UnableToSetCallback
        }

        if !SCNetworkReachabilitySetDispatchQueue(reachabilityRef!, reachabilitySerialQueue) {
            stopNotifier()
            throw ReachabilityError.UnableToSetDispatchQueue
        }

        // Perform an intial check
        dispatch_async(reachabilitySerialQueue) { () -> Void in
            let flags = self.reachabilityFlags
            self.reachabilityChanged(flags)
        }

        notifierRunning = true
    }

    public func stopNotifier() {
        defer { notifierRunning = false }
        guard let reachabilityRef = reachabilityRef else { return }

        SCNetworkReachabilitySetCallback(reachabilityRef, nil, nil)
        SCNetworkReachabilitySetDispatchQueue(reachabilityRef, nil)
    }

    // MARK: - *** Connection test methods ***
    public func isReachable() -> Bool {
        let flags = reachabilityFlags
        return isReachableWithFlags(flags)
    }

    public func isReachableViaWWAN() -> Bool {

        let flags = reachabilityFlags

        // Check we're not on the simulator, we're REACHABLE and check we're on WWAN
        return isRunningOnDevice && isReachable(flags) && isOnWWAN(flags)
    }

    public func isReachableViaWiFi() -> Bool {

        let flags = reachabilityFlags

        // Check we're reachable
        if !isReachable(flags) {
            return false
        }

        // Must be on WiFi if reachable but not on an iOS device (i.e. simulator)
        if !isRunningOnDevice {
            return true
        }

        // Check we're NOT on WWAN
        return !isOnWWAN(flags)
    }

    // MARK: - *** Private methods ***
    private var isRunningOnDevice: Bool = {
        #if (arch(i386) || arch(x86_64)) && os(iOS)
            return false
        #else
            return true
        #endif
    }()

    private var notifierRunning = false
    private var reachabilityRef: SCNetworkReachability?
    private let reachabilitySerialQueue = dispatch_queue_create("uk.co.ashleymills.reachability", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL)

    private func reachabilityChanged(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) {

        guard previousFlags != flags else { return }

        if isReachableWithFlags(flags) {
            if let block = whenReachable {
                block(self)
            }
        } else {
            if let block = whenUnreachable {
                block(self)
            }
        }

        notificationCenter.postNotificationName(ReachabilityChangedNotification, object:self)

        previousFlags = flags
    }

    private func isReachableWithFlags(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {

        if !isReachable(flags) {
            return false
        }

        if isConnectionRequiredOrTransient(flags) {
            return false
        }

        if isRunningOnDevice {
            if isOnWWAN(flags) && !reachableOnWWAN {
                // We don't want to connect when on 3G.
                return false
            }
        }

        return true
    }

    // WWAN may be available, but not active until a connection has been established.
    // WiFi may require a connection for VPN on Demand.
    private func isConnectionRequired() -> Bool {
        return connectionRequired()
    }

    private func connectionRequired() -> Bool {
        let flags = reachabilityFlags
        return isConnectionRequired(flags)
    }

    // Dynamic, on demand connection?
    private func isConnectionOnDemand() -> Bool {
        let flags = reachabilityFlags
        return isConnectionRequired(flags) && isConnectionOnTrafficOrDemand(flags)
    }

    // Is user intervention required?
    private func isInterventionRequired() -> Bool {
        let flags = reachabilityFlags
        return isConnectionRequired(flags) && isInterventionRequired(flags)
    }

    private func isOnWWAN(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        #if os(iOS)
            return flags.contains(.IsWWAN)
        #else
            return false
        #endif
    }
    private func isReachable(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return flags.contains(.Reachable)
    }
    private func isConnectionRequired(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return flags.contains(.ConnectionRequired)
    }
    private func isInterventionRequired(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return flags.contains(.InterventionRequired)
    }
    private func isConnectionOnTraffic(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return flags.contains(.ConnectionOnTraffic)
    }
    private func isConnectionOnDemand(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return flags.contains(.ConnectionOnDemand)
    }
    func isConnectionOnTrafficOrDemand(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return !flags.intersect([.ConnectionOnTraffic, .ConnectionOnDemand]).isEmpty
    }
    private func isTransientConnection(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return flags.contains(.TransientConnection)
    }
    private func isLocalAddress(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return flags.contains(.IsLocalAddress)
    }
    private func isDirect(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        return flags.contains(.IsDirect)
    }
    private func isConnectionRequiredOrTransient(flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags) -> Bool {
        let testcase:SCNetworkReachabilityFlags = [.ConnectionRequired, .TransientConnection]
        return flags.intersect(testcase) == testcase
    }

    private var reachabilityFlags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags {

        guard let reachabilityRef = reachabilityRef else { return SCNetworkReachabilityFlags() }

        var flags = SCNetworkReachabilityFlags()
        let gotFlags = withUnsafeMutablePointer(&flags) {
            SCNetworkReachabilityGetFlags(reachabilityRef, UnsafeMutablePointer($0))
        }

        if gotFlags {
            return flags
        } else {
            return SCNetworkReachabilityFlags()
        }
    }

    override public var description: String {

        var W: String
        if isRunningOnDevice {
            W = isOnWWAN(reachabilityFlags) ? "W" : "-"
        } else {
            W = "X"
        }
        let R = isReachable(reachabilityFlags) ? "R" : "-"
        let c = isConnectionRequired(reachabilityFlags) ? "c" : "-"
        let t = isTransientConnection(reachabilityFlags) ? "t" : "-"
        let i = isInterventionRequired(reachabilityFlags) ? "i" : "-"
        let C = isConnectionOnTraffic(reachabilityFlags) ? "C" : "-"
        let D = isConnectionOnDemand(reachabilityFlags) ? "D" : "-"
        let l = isLocalAddress(reachabilityFlags) ? "l" : "-"
        let d = isDirect(reachabilityFlags) ? "d" : "-"

        return "\(W)\(R) \(c)\(t)\(i)\(C)\(D)\(l)\(d)"
    }

    deinit {
        stopNotifier()

        reachabilityRef = nil
        whenReachable = nil
        whenUnreachable = nil
    }
}

这是我的版本。本质上,它没有带来任何新东西。我把它绑定到UIDevice。

import UIKit
import SystemConfiguration

extension UIDevice {

    open class var isConnectedToNetwork: Bool {
        get {
            var zeroAddress = sockaddr_in()
            zeroAddress.sin_len = UInt8(MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: zeroAddress))
            zeroAddress.sin_family = sa_family_t(AF_INET)

            guard
                let defaultRouteReachability: SCNetworkReachability = withUnsafePointer(to: &zeroAddress, {
                    $0.withMemoryRebound(to: sockaddr.self, capacity: 1) {
                        SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddress(nil, $0)
                    }
                }),
                var flags: SCNetworkReachabilityFlags = SCNetworkReachabilityFlags() as SCNetworkReachabilityFlags?,
                SCNetworkReachabilityGetFlags(defaultRouteReachability, &flags)
                else { return false }

            return flags.contains(.reachable) && !flags.contains(.connectionRequired)
        }
    }

}

print("Network status availability: " + ( UIDevice.isConnectedToNetwork ? "true" : "false" ))

Swift 5解决方案:

下载ashleymills的Reachability类 https://github.com/ashleymills/Reachability.swift。 将Reachability类添加到项目中。 将以下代码放入维护连接状态的类中

class ConnectionManager {

    static let shared = ConnectionManager()
    private init () {}

    func hasConnectivity() -> Bool {
        do {
            let reachability: Reachability = try Reachability()
            let networkStatus = reachability.connection
            
            switch networkStatus {
            case .unavailable:
                return false
            case .wifi, .cellular:
                return true
            }
        }
        catch {
            return false
        }
    }
}

像下面这样使用它:

ConnectionManager.shared.hasConnectivity()