我刚刚搞砸了一次面试，而且我的面试问题几乎毫无进展。
给定一个数，找出下一个与之完全相同的更大的数 作为原始数字的数字集。例如:给定38276返回 38627
我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字，这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字，但卡住了。
面试官还建议我试着一次换一个数字，但我搞不懂算法，只能盯着屏幕看20-30分钟。不用说，我想我还得继续找工作。
当前回答
如果你用c++编程，你可以使用next_permutation:
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
using namespace std;
string x;
while (cin >> x) {
cout << x << " -> ";
next_permutation(x.begin(),x.end());
cout << x << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
其他回答
这是另一个Java实现，可以开箱即用，并通过测试完成。 这个解决方案是O(n)个空间和时间，使用老式的动态规划。
如果你想用蛮力，有两种蛮力:
排列所有的东西，然后选择最小值更高的:O(n!) 与此实现类似，但不是DP，而是强制填充的步骤 indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft映射将在O(n²)中运行。
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
public class NextHigherSameDigits {
public long next(final long num) {
final char[] chars = String.valueOf(num).toCharArray();
final int[] digits = new int[chars.length];
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
digits[i] = Character.getNumericValue(chars[i]);
}
final Map<Integer, Integer> indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft = new HashMap<>();
indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.put(1, digits[1] > digits[0] ? 0 : null);
for (int i = 2; i < digits.length; i++) {
final int left = digits[i - 1];
final int current = digits[i];
Integer indexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
if (current > left) {
indexOfNextSmallerLeft = i - 1;
} else {
final Integer indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft = indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.get(i - 1);
final Integer nextSmallerLeftOfLeft = indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft == null ? null :
digits[indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft];
if (nextSmallerLeftOfLeft != null && current > nextSmallerLeftOfLeft) {
indexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft;
} else {
indexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
}
}
indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.put(i, indexOfNextSmallerLeft);
}
Integer maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
Integer indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft = null;
for (int i = digits.length - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
final Integer indexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.get(i);
if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft == null ||
(indexOfNextSmallerLeft != null && indexOfNextSmallerLeft > maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft)) {
maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexOfNextSmallerLeft;
if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft != null && (indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft == null ||
digits[i] < digits[indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft])) {
indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft = i;
}
}
}
if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft == null) {
return -1;
} else {
swap(digits, indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft, maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft);
reverseRemainingOfArray(digits, maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft + 1);
return backToLong(digits);
}
}
private void reverseRemainingOfArray(final int[] digits, final int startIndex) {
final int[] tail = Arrays.copyOfRange(digits, startIndex, digits.length);
for (int i = tail.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
digits[(digits.length - 1) - i] = tail[i];
}
}
private void swap(final int[] digits, final int currentIndex, final int indexOfNextSmallerLeft) {
int temp = digits[currentIndex];
digits[currentIndex] = digits[indexOfNextSmallerLeft];
digits[indexOfNextSmallerLeft] = temp;
}
private long backToLong(int[] digits) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (long i : digits) {
sb.append(String.valueOf(i));
}
return Long.parseLong(sb.toString());
}
@Test
public void test() {
final long input1 = 34722641;
final long expected1 = 34724126;
final long output1 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input1);
assertEquals(expected1, output1);
final long input2 = 38276;
final long expected2 = 38627;
final long output2 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input2);
assertEquals(expected2, output2);
final long input3 = 54321;
final long expected3 = -1;
final long output3 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input3);
assertEquals(expected3, output3);
final long input4 = 123456784987654321L;
final long expected4 = 123456785123446789L;
final long output4 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input4);
assertEquals(expected4, output4);
final long input5 = 9999;
final long expected5 = -1;
final long output5 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input5);
assertEquals(expected5, output5);
}
}
我很确定你的面试官是想委婉地让你说出这样的话:
local number = 564321;
function split(str)
local t = {};
for i = 1, string.len(str) do
table.insert(t, str.sub(str,i,i));
end
return t;
end
local res = number;
local i = 1;
while number >= res do
local t = split(tostring(res));
if i == 1 then
i = #t;
end
t[i], t[i-1] = t[i-1], t[i];
i = i - 1;
res = tonumber(table.concat(t));
end
print(res);
不一定是最有效或最优雅的解决方案，但它在两个循环中解决了所提供的示例，并像他建议的那样一次交换一个数字。
关于如何做到这一点，请参阅Knuth的“计算机编程艺术:生成所有排列”(.ps.gz)中的“算法L”。
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Big {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number ");
String str = sc.next();
int t=0;
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
for(int i=str.length()-1,j=str.length()-2;j>=0;j--)
{
if((int)chars[i]>(int)chars[j])
{
t = (int)chars[i];
chars[i] = chars[j];
chars[j]=(char)t;
for(int k=j+1;k<str.length()-1;k++)
{
for(int l=k+1;l<str.length();l++)
{
if(chars[k]>chars[l])
{
int m = (int)chars[k];
chars[k] = chars[l];
chars[l]=(char)m;
}
}
}
break;
}
}
System.out.print("The next Big number is: ");
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
System.out.print(chars[i]);
}
sc.close();
}
}
private static int GetNextHigherNumber(int num)
{
//given 38276 return 38627
string numberstring = num.ToString();
char[] sNum = numberstring.ToCharArray();
for (int i = sNum.Length - 1; i > 0; i--)
{
for (int j = i - 1; j > 0; j--)
{
if (sNum[i] > sNum[j])
{
for (int x = i; x > j; x--)
{
char chr = sNum[x];
sNum[x] = sNum[x - 1];
sNum[x - 1] = chr;
}
i = 0;
break;
}
}
}
numberstring = string.Empty;
for(int x= 0 ; x<sNum.Length;x++)
{
numberstring += sNum[x].ToString();
}
return Convert.ToInt32(numberstring);
}
