我刚刚搞砸了一次面试,而且我的面试问题几乎毫无进展。

给定一个数,找出下一个与之完全相同的更大的数 作为原始数字的数字集。例如:给定38276返回 38627

我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字,这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字,但卡住了。

面试官还建议我试着一次换一个数字,但我搞不懂算法,只能盯着屏幕看20-30分钟。不用说,我想我还得继续找工作。


当前回答

Ruby的解决方案

def next_bigger(num)
  char_array = num.to_s.split('')
  return -1 if char_array.uniq.size == 1

  arr, target_idx, target_char = [], nil, nil
  # get first left-digit less than the right from right side
  (char_array.count - 1).times do |i|
    arr.unshift(char_array[-(i+1)])

    if char_array[-(i+2)] < char_array[-(i+1)]
      target_idx = char_array.count - (i + 2)
      target_char = char_array[-(i+2)]
      arr.unshift(char_array[-(i+2)])
      break
    end
  end
  return -1 unless target_idx

  # first smallest digit larger than target_char to the right
  ((target_char.to_i + 1)..9).to_a.each do |ch|
    if arr.index(ch.to_s)
      flip_char = arr.delete_at(arr.index(ch.to_s))
      # sort the digits to the right of flip_char
      arr.sort!
      # place flip_char to the left of target_char
      arr.unshift(flip_char)
      break
    end
  end

  (char_array[0...target_idx] + arr).join().to_i
end

其他回答

回答在java与一个更多的条件添加

Next number should also be an Even number public static int nextDigit(int number) { String num = String.valueOf(number); int stop = 0; char[] orig_chars = null; char[] part1 = null; char[] part2 = null; orig_chars = num.toCharArray(); System.out.println("vivek c r"); for (int i = orig_chars.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { String previous = orig_chars[i - 1] + ""; String next = orig_chars[i] + ""; if (Integer.parseInt(previous) < Integer.parseInt(next)) { if (Integer.parseInt(previous) % 2 == 0) { String partString1 = ""; String partString2 = ""; for (int j = 0; j <= i - 1; j++) { partString1 = partString1.concat(orig_chars[j] + ""); } part1 = partString1.toCharArray(); for (int k = i; k < orig_chars.length; k++) { partString2 = partString2.concat(orig_chars[k] + ""); } part2 = partString2.toCharArray(); Arrays.sort(part2); for (int l = 0; l < part2.length; l++) { char temp = '0'; if (part2[l] > part1[i - 1]) { temp = part1[i - 1]; part1[i - 1] = part2[l]; part2[l] = temp; break; } } for (int m = 0; m < part2.length; m++) { char replace = '0'; if (part2[m] % 2 == 0) { replace = part2[m]; for (int n = m; n < part2.length - 1; n++) { part2[n] = part2[n + 1]; } part2[part2.length - 1] = replace; break; } } System.out.print(part1); System.out.println(part2); System.exit(0); } } } System.out.println("NONE"); return 0; }

int t,k,num3,num5;
scanf("%d",&t);
int num[t];
for(int i=0;i<t;i++){
    scanf("%d",&num[i]);   
}
for(int i=0;i<t;i++){
    k=(((num[i]-1)/3)+1); 
    if(k<0)
        printf("-1");
    else if(num[i]<3 || num[i]==4 || num[i]==7)
        printf("-1");
    else{
        num3=3*(2*num[i] - 5*k);
        num5=5*(3*k -num[i]);
        for(int j=0;j<num3;j++)
            printf("5");
        for(int j=0;j<num5;j++)
            printf("3");
    }
    printf("\n");
}

PHP实现

时间复杂度O(n)

$n = "9875";
$n_size = strlen($n);
for($i = $n_size-1; $i > 0; $i-- ) {
     if($n[$i] > $n[$i-1]){
     $temp = $n[$i];
     $n[$i] = $n[$i-1];
     $n[$i-1] = $temp;
     break;
     }
    
}

if($i == 0){
    echo "Next Greater value no possible";
}else{
    echo $n;
}

只是使用python的另一个解决方案:

def PermutationStep(num):
    if sorted(list(str(num)), reverse=True) == list(str(num)):
        return -1
    ls = list(str(num))
    n = 0
    inx = 0
    for ind, i in enumerate(ls[::-1]):
        if i < n:
            n = i
            inx = -(ind + 1)
            break
        n = i
    ls[inx], ls[inx + 1] = ls[inx + 1], ls[inx]

    nl = ls[inx::-1][::-1]
    ln = sorted(ls[inx+1:])
    return ''.join(nl) + ''.join(ln)

print PermutationStep(23514)

输出:

23541

这是另一个Java实现,可以开箱即用,并通过测试完成。 这个解决方案是O(n)个空间和时间,使用老式的动态规划。

如果你想用蛮力,有两种蛮力:

排列所有的东西,然后选择最小值更高的:O(n!) 与此实现类似,但不是DP,而是强制填充的步骤 indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft映射将在O(n²)中运行。


import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

public class NextHigherSameDigits {

    public long next(final long num) {
        final char[] chars = String.valueOf(num).toCharArray();
        final int[] digits = new int[chars.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
            digits[i] = Character.getNumericValue(chars[i]);
        }

        final Map<Integer, Integer> indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft = new HashMap<>();
        indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.put(1, digits[1] > digits[0] ? 0 : null);
        for (int i = 2; i < digits.length; i++) {
            final int left = digits[i - 1];
            final int current = digits[i];
            Integer indexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
            if (current > left) {
                indexOfNextSmallerLeft = i - 1;
            } else {
                final Integer indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft = indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.get(i - 1);
                final Integer nextSmallerLeftOfLeft = indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft == null ? null : 
                    digits[indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft];

                if (nextSmallerLeftOfLeft != null && current > nextSmallerLeftOfLeft) {
                    indexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexOfnextSmallerLeftOfLeft;
                } else {
                    indexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
                }
            }

            indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.put(i, indexOfNextSmallerLeft);
        }

        Integer maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft = null;
        Integer indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft = null;
        for (int i = digits.length - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
            final Integer indexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexToIndexOfNextSmallerLeft.get(i);
            if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft == null ||
                    (indexOfNextSmallerLeft != null && indexOfNextSmallerLeft > maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft)) {

                maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft = indexOfNextSmallerLeft;
                if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft != null && (indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft == null || 
                        digits[i] < digits[indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft])) {

                    indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft = i;
                }
            }
        }

        if (maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft == null) {
            return -1;
        } else {
            swap(digits, indexOfMinToSwapWithNextSmallerLeft, maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft);
            reverseRemainingOfArray(digits, maxOfindexOfNextSmallerLeft + 1);
            return backToLong(digits);
        }
    }

    private void reverseRemainingOfArray(final int[] digits, final int startIndex) {
        final int[] tail = Arrays.copyOfRange(digits, startIndex, digits.length);
        for (int i = tail.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            digits[(digits.length - 1)  - i] = tail[i];                 
        }
    }

    private void swap(final int[] digits, final int currentIndex, final int indexOfNextSmallerLeft) {
        int temp = digits[currentIndex];
        digits[currentIndex] = digits[indexOfNextSmallerLeft];
        digits[indexOfNextSmallerLeft] = temp;
    }

    private long backToLong(int[] digits) {     
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (long i : digits) {
            sb.append(String.valueOf(i));
        }

        return Long.parseLong(sb.toString());
    }

    @Test
    public void test() {
        final long input1 =    34722641;
        final long expected1 = 34724126;
        final long output1 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input1);
        assertEquals(expected1, output1);

        final long input2 =    38276;
        final long expected2 = 38627;
        final long output2 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input2);
        assertEquals(expected2, output2);

        final long input3 =    54321;
        final long expected3 = -1;
        final long output3 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input3);
        assertEquals(expected3, output3);

        final long input4 =    123456784987654321L;
        final long expected4 = 123456785123446789L;
        final long output4 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input4);
        assertEquals(expected4, output4);

        final long input5 =    9999;
        final long expected5 = -1;
        final long output5 = new NextHigherSameDigits().next(input5);
        assertEquals(expected5, output5);
    }

}