这个问题(目前)还没有解决，至少在没有脚本的情况下不容易解决:参见Junio C Hamano在git邮件列表上发布的这篇文章，解释了这种情况并提供了一个简单的解决方案。

主要的理由是你不需要这个:

With git that is not ancient (i.e. v1.5.0 or newer), there is no reason to have local "dev" that purely track the remote anymore. If you only want to go-look-and-see, you can check out the remote tracking branch directly on a detached HEAD with "git checkout origin/dev". Which means that the only cases we need to make it convenient for users are to handle these local branches that "track" remote ones when you do have local changes, or when you plan to have some. If you do have local changes on "dev" that is marked to track the remove "dev", and if you are on a branch different from "dev", then we should not do anything after "git fetch" updates the remote tracking "dev". It won't fast forward anyway

解决方案需要一个选项或外部脚本，以修剪当前远程跟踪分支的本地分支，而不是像最初的海报所要求的那样，通过快进来保持它们的最新状态。

那么，“git branch -prune -remote=<upstream>”如何呢 本地分支，如果 (1)不是目前的分支机构;而且 (2)标记为从<上游>取的某个分支;而且 (三)自身无过错; 然后把那根树枝去掉?“git remote——prune-local-forks <upstream>”是 还好;我不关心哪个命令实现了这个特性 多。

注意:从git 2.10开始就没有这样的解决方案了。注意，git remote prune子命令和git fetch——prune是关于删除不再存在于远程上的分支的远程跟踪分支，而不是关于删除跟踪远程跟踪分支的本地分支(其中远程跟踪分支是上游分支)。

这里有很多答案，但没有一个是使用git-fetch直接更新本地ref，这比检查分支简单得多，也比git-update-ref更安全。

这里我们使用git-fetch来更新非当前分支，而git pull——ff-only用于当前分支。它:

不需要检查分支机构 仅在可以快进的情况下更新分支 当它不能快进时会报告吗

就是这样:

#!/bin/bash
currentbranchref="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>&-)"
git branch -r | grep -v ' -> ' | while read remotebranch
do
    # Split <remote>/<branch> into remote and branchref parts
    remote="${remotebranch%%/*}"
    branchref="refs/heads/${remotebranch#*/}"

    if [ "$branchref" == "$currentbranchref" ]
    then
        echo "Updating current branch $branchref from $remote..."
        git pull --ff-only
    else
        echo "Updating non-current ref $branchref from $remote..."
        git fetch "$remote" "$branchref:$branchref"
    fi
done

从git-fetch的manpage:

   <refspec>
       The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus +, followed by the source ref <src>,
       followed by a colon :, followed by the destination ref <dst>.

       The remote ref that matches <src> is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local ref
       that matches it is fast-forwarded using <src>. If the optional plus + is used, the local ref is
       updated even if it does not result in a fast-forward update.

通过指定git fetch <remote> <ref>:<ref>(没有任何+)，我们得到一个只在本地ref可以快进时更新它的fetch。

注意，这假设本地分支和远程分支的名称相同(并且您希望跟踪所有分支)，它实际上应该使用关于您拥有哪些本地分支以及它们被设置为跟踪的内容的信息。

一个略有不同的脚本，它只快进与上游分支名称匹配的分支。如果可以快进，它还会更新当前分支。

通过运行git branch -vv，确保所有分支的上游分支都被正确设置。使用git branch -u origin/yourbanchname设置上游分支

复制粘贴到一个文件并chmod 755:

#!/bin/sh

curbranch=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)

for branch in $(git for-each-ref refs/heads --format="%(refname:short)"); do
        upbranch=$(git config --get branch.$branch.merge | sed 's:refs/heads/::');
        if [ "$branch" = "$upbranch" ]; then
                if [ "$branch" = "$curbranch" ]; then
                        echo Fast forwarding current branch $curbranch
                        git merge --ff-only origin/$upbranch
                else
                        echo Fast forwarding $branch with origin/$upbranch
                        git fetch . origin/$upbranch:$branch
                fi
        fi
done;

这个问题(目前)还没有解决，至少在没有脚本的情况下不容易解决:参见Junio C Hamano在git邮件列表上发布的这篇文章，解释了这种情况并提供了一个简单的解决方案。

主要的理由是你不需要这个:

With git that is not ancient (i.e. v1.5.0 or newer), there is no reason to have local "dev" that purely track the remote anymore. If you only want to go-look-and-see, you can check out the remote tracking branch directly on a detached HEAD with "git checkout origin/dev". Which means that the only cases we need to make it convenient for users are to handle these local branches that "track" remote ones when you do have local changes, or when you plan to have some. If you do have local changes on "dev" that is marked to track the remove "dev", and if you are on a branch different from "dev", then we should not do anything after "git fetch" updates the remote tracking "dev". It won't fast forward anyway

解决方案需要一个选项或外部脚本，以修剪当前远程跟踪分支的本地分支，而不是像最初的海报所要求的那样，通过快进来保持它们的最新状态。

那么，“git branch -prune -remote=<upstream>”如何呢 本地分支，如果 (1)不是目前的分支机构;而且 (2)标记为从<上游>取的某个分支;而且 (三)自身无过错; 然后把那根树枝去掉?“git remote——prune-local-forks <upstream>”是 还好;我不关心哪个命令实现了这个特性 多。

注意:从git 2.10开始就没有这样的解决方案了。注意，git remote prune子命令和git fetch——prune是关于删除不再存在于远程上的分支的远程跟踪分支，而不是关于删除跟踪远程跟踪分支的本地分支(其中远程跟踪分支是上游分支)。

我为我的giitbash写的脚本。完成以下任务:

默认情况下，为跟踪原点而设置的所有分支从原点提取，允许您根据需要指定不同的远程。 如果您的当前分支处于脏状态，那么它将存储您的更改，并在结束时尝试恢复这些更改。 对于每个用于跟踪远程分支的本地分支，将: Git结帐分支 Git拉源 最后，将您返回到原始分支并恢复状态。

**我使用这个，但没有彻底测试，使用自负风险。在.bash_alias文件中可以看到该脚本的示例。

    # Do a pull on all branches that are tracking a remote branches, will from origin by default.
    # If current branch is dirty, will stash changes and reply after pull.
    # Usage: pullall [remoteName]
    alias pullall=pullAll
    function pullAll (){
     # if -h then show help
     if [[ $1 == '-h' ]]
    then
      echo "Description: Pulls new changes from upstream on all branches that are tracking remotes."
      echo 
      echo "Usage: "
      echo "- Default: pullall"
      echo "- Specify upstream to pull from: pullall [upstreamName]"
      echo "- Help: pull-all -h"
    else

     # default remote to origin
     remote="origin"
     if [ $1 != "" ]
     then
       remote=$1
     fi

     # list all branches that are tracking remote
     # git branch -vv : list branches with their upstreams
     # grep origin : keep only items that have upstream of origin
     # sed "s/^.."... : remove leading *
     # sed "s/^"..... : remove leading white spaces
     # cut -d" "..... : cut on spaces, take first item
     # cut -d splits on space, -f1 grabs first item
     branches=($(git branch -vv | grep $remote | sed "s/^[ *]*//" | sed "s/^[ /t]*//" | cut -d" " -f1))

     # get starting branch name
     startingBranch=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)

     # get starting stash size
     startingStashSize=$(git stash list | wc -l)

     echo "Saving starting branch state: $startingBranch"
     git stash

     # get the new stash size
     newStashSize=$(git stash list | wc -l)

     # for each branch in the array of remote tracking branches
     for branch in ${branches[*]}
     do
       echo "Switching to $branch"
       git checkout $branch

       echo "Pulling $remote"
       git pull $remote

     done

     echo "Switching back to $startingBranch"
     git checkout $startingBranch

     # compare before and after stash size to see if anything was stashed
     if [ "$startingStashSize" -lt "$newStashSize" ]
     then
       echo "Restoring branch state"
       git stash pop
     fi
    fi
    }

不知道这是否可以，但如果我想快进多个分支，我通常会调用

git pull origin master staging production

如果我想推送多个分支，我会调用

git push origin master staging production

但只有当所有提到的分支都不需要任何形式的合并时，两者才有效。