我为我的giitbash写的脚本。完成以下任务:

默认情况下，为跟踪原点而设置的所有分支从原点提取，允许您根据需要指定不同的远程。 如果您的当前分支处于脏状态，那么它将存储您的更改，并在结束时尝试恢复这些更改。 对于每个用于跟踪远程分支的本地分支，将: Git结帐分支 Git拉源 最后，将您返回到原始分支并恢复状态。

**我使用这个，但没有彻底测试，使用自负风险。在.bash_alias文件中可以看到该脚本的示例。

    # Do a pull on all branches that are tracking a remote branches, will from origin by default.
    # If current branch is dirty, will stash changes and reply after pull.
    # Usage: pullall [remoteName]
    alias pullall=pullAll
    function pullAll (){
     # if -h then show help
     if [[ $1 == '-h' ]]
    then
      echo "Description: Pulls new changes from upstream on all branches that are tracking remotes."
      echo 
      echo "Usage: "
      echo "- Default: pullall"
      echo "- Specify upstream to pull from: pullall [upstreamName]"
      echo "- Help: pull-all -h"
    else

     # default remote to origin
     remote="origin"
     if [ $1 != "" ]
     then
       remote=$1
     fi

     # list all branches that are tracking remote
     # git branch -vv : list branches with their upstreams
     # grep origin : keep only items that have upstream of origin
     # sed "s/^.."... : remove leading *
     # sed "s/^"..... : remove leading white spaces
     # cut -d" "..... : cut on spaces, take first item
     # cut -d splits on space, -f1 grabs first item
     branches=($(git branch -vv | grep $remote | sed "s/^[ *]*//" | sed "s/^[ /t]*//" | cut -d" " -f1))

     # get starting branch name
     startingBranch=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)

     # get starting stash size
     startingStashSize=$(git stash list | wc -l)

     echo "Saving starting branch state: $startingBranch"
     git stash

     # get the new stash size
     newStashSize=$(git stash list | wc -l)

     # for each branch in the array of remote tracking branches
     for branch in ${branches[*]}
     do
       echo "Switching to $branch"
       git checkout $branch

       echo "Pulling $remote"
       git pull $remote

     done

     echo "Switching back to $startingBranch"
     git checkout $startingBranch

     # compare before and after stash size to see if anything was stashed
     if [ "$startingStashSize" -lt "$newStashSize" ]
     then
       echo "Restoring branch state"
       git stash pop
     fi
    fi
    }

你不能只使用一个git命令，但是你可以用一个bash行自动化它。

为了用一行安全地更新所有分支，我是这样做的:

git fetch --all && for branch in $(git branch | sed '/*/{$q;h;d};$G' | tr -d '*') ; do git checkout $branch && git merge --ff-only || break ; done

如果它不能快进一个分支或遇到错误，它将停止并将您留在该分支中，以便您可以收回控制权并手动合并。 如果所有分支都可以快进，它将以您当前所在的分支结束，使您停留在更新之前的位置。

解释:

为了更好的可读性，可以将它分成几行:

git fetch --all && \
for branch in $(git branch | sed '/*/{$q;h;d};$G' | tr -d '*')
    do git checkout $branch && \
    git merge --ff-only || break
done

git fetch --all && ... => Fetches all refs from all remotes and continue with the next command if there has been no error. git branch | sed '/*/{$q;h;d};$G' | tr -d '*' => From the output of git branch, sed take the line with a * and move it to the end (so that the current branch will be updated last). Then tr simply remove the *. for branch in $(...) ; do git checkout $branch && git merge --ff-only || break ; done = > For each branch name obtained from the previous command, checkout this branch and try to merge with a fast-forward. If it fails, break is called and the command stops here.

当然，如果你想要的话，你可以用git rebase替换git merge——ff-only。

最后，你可以把它作为一个别名放在bashrc中:

alias git-pull-all='git fetch --all && for branch in $(git branch | sed '\''/*/{$q;h;d};$G'\'' | tr -d "*") ; do git checkout $branch && git merge --ff-only || break ; done'

或者如果你害怕混淆' and '，或者你只是喜欢在编辑器中保持语法的可读性，你可以将它声明为一个函数:

git-pull-all()
{
    git fetch --all && for branch in $(git branch | sed '/*/{$q;h;d};$G' | tr -d '*') ; do git checkout $branch && git merge --ff-only || break ; done
}

奖金:

对于那些想要sed '/*/{$q;h;d};$G'部分的解释:

/*/ =>查找带*的行。 {$q =>如果它在最后一行，退出(我们不需要做任何事情，因为当前分支已经是列表中的最后一个)。 d} =>否则，将该行保存在保持缓冲区中，并将其删除在当前列表位置。 $G =>当它到达最后一行时，追加保持缓冲区的内容。

来自@larsmans的脚本，有一点改进:

#!/bin/sh

set -x
CURRENT=`git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`
git fetch --all
for branch in "$@"; do
  if ["$branch" -ne "$CURRENT"]; then
    git checkout "$branch" || exit 1
    git rebase "origin/$branch" || exit 1
  fi
done
git checkout "$CURRENT" || exit 1
git rebase "origin/$CURRENT" || exit 1

这样，在它完成之后，工作副本就会从调用脚本之前的同一个分支签出。

git拉版:

#!/bin/sh

set -x
CURRENT=`git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`
git fetch --all
for branch in "$@"; do
  if ["$branch" -ne "$CURRENT"]; then
    git checkout "$branch" || exit 1
    git pull || exit 1
  fi
done
git checkout "$CURRENT" || exit 1
git pull || exit 1

我知道这个问题已经提了将近3年了，但我也问过自己同样的问题，但没有找到任何现成的解决方案。所以，我自己创建了一个自定义的git命令shell脚本。

在这里，git-ffwd-update脚本执行以下操作…

it issues a git remote update to fetch the lates revs then uses git remote show to get a list of local branches that track a remote branch (e.g. branches that can be used with git pull) then it checks with git rev-list --count <REMOTE_BRANCH>..<LOCAL_BRANCH> how many commit the local branch is behind the remote (and ahead vice versa) if the local branch is 1 or more commits ahead, it can NOT be fast-forwarded and needs to be merged or rebased by hand if the local branch is 0 commits ahead and 1 or more commits behind, it can be fast-forwarded by git branch -f <LOCAL_BRANCH> -t <REMOTE_BRANCH>

脚本可以这样调用:

$ git ffwd-update
Fetching origin
 branch bigcouch was 10 commit(s) behind of origin/bigcouch. resetting local branch to remote
 branch develop was 3 commit(s) behind of origin/develop. resetting local branch to remote
 branch master is 6 commit(s) behind and 1 commit(s) ahead of origin/master. could not be fast-forwarded

完整的脚本应该保存为git-ffwd-update，并且需要在PATH上。

#!/bin/bash

main() {
  REMOTES="$@";
  if [ -z "$REMOTES" ]; then
    REMOTES=$(git remote);
  fi
  REMOTES=$(echo "$REMOTES" | xargs -n1 echo)
  CLB=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD);
  echo "$REMOTES" | while read REMOTE; do
    git remote update $REMOTE
    git remote show $REMOTE -n \
    | awk '/merges with remote/{print $5" "$1}' \
    | while read RB LB; do
      ARB="refs/remotes/$REMOTE/$RB";
      ALB="refs/heads/$LB";
      NBEHIND=$(( $(git rev-list --count $ALB..$ARB 2>/dev/null) +0));
      NAHEAD=$(( $(git rev-list --count $ARB..$ALB 2>/dev/null) +0));
      if [ "$NBEHIND" -gt 0 ]; then
        if [ "$NAHEAD" -gt 0 ]; then
          echo " branch $LB is $NBEHIND commit(s) behind and $NAHEAD commit(s) ahead of $REMOTE/$RB. could not be fast-forwarded";
        elif [ "$LB" = "$CLB" ]; then
          echo " branch $LB was $NBEHIND commit(s) behind of $REMOTE/$RB. fast-forward merge";
          git merge -q $ARB;
        else
          echo " branch $LB was $NBEHIND commit(s) behind of $REMOTE/$RB. resetting local branch to remote";
          git branch -f $LB -t $ARB >/dev/null;
        fi
      fi
    done
  done
}

main $@

如果可能，以下一行代码将快速前进所有具有上游分支的分支，否则打印错误:

git branch \
  --format "%(if)%(upstream:short)%(then)git push . %(upstream:short):%(refname:short)%(end)" |
  sh

它是如何工作的?

它使用git分支命令的自定义格式。对于每个具有上游分支的分支，它打印一行具有以下模式的代码:

git push . <remote-ref>:<branch>

这可以直接通过管道传输到sh(假设分支名称是格式良好的)。忽略| sh，看看它在做什么。

警告

单行程序不会联系你的遥控器。在运行它之前，发出git fetch或git fetch。

当前签出的分支将不会用类似于

! [remote rejected] origin/master -> master (branch is currently checked out)

为此，您可以求助于常规的git pull -ff-only。

别名

将以下内容添加到你的.gitconfig中，以便git fft执行此命令:

[alias]
        fft = !sh -c 'git branch --format \"%(if)%(upstream:short)%(then)git push . %(upstream:short):%(refname:short)%(end)\" | sh' -

参见my .gitconfig。别名是“快进跟踪(分支)”的缩写。

您为pull描述的行为——都完全符合预期，尽管不一定有用。该选项被传递给git fetch，然后从所有远程获取所有引用，而不仅仅是需要的一个;然后，Pull合并(或者在您的情况下，是重新创建)适当的单个分支。

如果你想查看其他分支机构，你就必须查看它们。是的，合并(和重基)绝对需要一个工作树，所以不检查其他分支就不能完成它们。如果愿意，您可以将所描述的步骤打包到脚本/别名中，不过我建议使用&&来连接命令，这样即使其中一个命令失败，它也不会尝试继续执行。