从所看到的内容来看，tv_sec存储所经过的秒数，而tv_usec单独存储所经过的微秒数。它们不是彼此的转换。因此，必须将它们更改为适当的单位，并添加它们以获得所消耗的总时间。

struct timeval startTV, endTV;

gettimeofday(&startTV, NULL); 

doSomething();
doSomethingLong();

gettimeofday(&endTV, NULL); 

printf("**time taken in microseconds = %ld\n",
    (endTV.tv_sec * 1e6 + endTV.tv_usec - (startTV.tv_sec * 1e6 + startTV.tv_usec))
    );

time(NULL)返回从1970年01月01日00:00 (Epoch)开始经过的秒数。所以这两个值之间的差就是处理所花费的秒数。

int t0 = time(NULL);
doSomthing();
doSomthingLong();
int t1 = time(NULL);

printf ("time = %d secs\n", t1 - t0);

使用getttimeofday()可以得到更好的结果，它返回以秒为单位的当前时间，就像time()一样，也以微秒为单位。

这两个值相同的原因是因为您的长过程不需要那么长时间—不到一秒。你可以试着添加一个长循环(for (int i = 0;I < 100000000;i++);)在函数的末尾确保这是问题所在，然后我们可以从那里…

如果上面的情况是正确的，你将需要找到一个不同的系统函数(我知道你在linux上工作，所以我不能帮助你知道函数名称)来更准确地测量时间。我相信在linux中有一个类似于GetTickCount()的函数，你只需要找到它。

#include <ctime>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <sys/time.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono;

void f1()
{
  high_resolution_clock::time_point t1 = high_resolution_clock::now();
  high_resolution_clock::time_point t2 = high_resolution_clock::now();
  double dif = duration_cast<nanoseconds>( t2 - t1 ).count();
  printf ("Elasped time is %lf nanoseconds.\n", dif );
}

void f2()
{
  timespec ts1,ts2;
  clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts1);
  clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts2);
  double dif = double( ts2.tv_nsec - ts1.tv_nsec );
  printf ("Elasped time is %lf nanoseconds.\n", dif );
}

void f3()
{
  struct timeval t1,t0;
  gettimeofday(&t0, 0);
  gettimeofday(&t1, 0);
  double dif = double( (t1.tv_usec-t0.tv_usec)*1000);
  printf ("Elasped time is %lf nanoseconds.\n", dif );
}
void f4()
{
  high_resolution_clock::time_point t1 , t2;
  double diff = 0;
  t1 = high_resolution_clock::now() ;
  for(int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++)
  {
    t2 = high_resolution_clock::now() ;
    diff+= duration_cast<nanoseconds>( t2 - t1 ).count();
    t1 = t2;
  }
  printf ("high_resolution_clock:: Elasped time is %lf nanoseconds.\n", diff/10 );
}

void f5()
{
  timespec ts1,ts2;
  double diff = 0;
  clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts1);
  for(int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++)
  {
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts2);
    diff+= double( ts2.tv_nsec - ts1.tv_nsec );
    ts1 = ts2;
  }
  printf ("clock_gettime:: Elasped time is %lf nanoseconds.\n", diff/10 );
}

void f6()
{
  struct timeval t1,t2;
  double diff = 0;
  gettimeofday(&t1, 0);
  for(int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++)
  {
    gettimeofday(&t2, 0);
    diff+= double( (t2.tv_usec-t1.tv_usec)*1000);
    t1 = t2;
  }
  printf ("gettimeofday:: Elasped time is %lf nanoseconds.\n", diff/10 );
}

int main()
{
  //  f1();
  //  f2();
  //  f3();
  f6();
  f4();
  f5();
  return 0;
}

c++ std::chrono具有跨平台的明显优势。 然而，与POSIX clock_gettime()相比，它也引入了显著的开销。 在我的Linux机器上，所有std::chrono::xxx_clock::now()味道的执行大致相同:

std::chrono::system_clock::now()
std::chrono::steady_clock::now()
std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now()

虽然POSIX clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC， &time)应该与steady_clock::now()相同，但它要快x3倍以上!

这是我的测试，为了完整性。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <ctime>

void print_timediff(const char* prefix, const struct timespec& start, const 
struct timespec& end)
{
    double milliseconds = end.tv_nsec >= start.tv_nsec
                        ? (end.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec) / 1e6 + (end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec) * 1e3
                        : (start.tv_nsec - end.tv_nsec) / 1e6 + (end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec - 1) * 1e3;
    printf("%s: %lf milliseconds\n", prefix, milliseconds);
}

int main()
{
    int i, n = 1000000;
    struct timespec start, end;

    // Test stopwatch
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start);
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        struct timespec dummy;
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &dummy);
    }
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &end);
    print_timediff("clock_gettime", start, end);

    // Test chrono system_clock
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start);
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        auto dummy = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &end);
    print_timediff("chrono::system_clock::now", start, end);

    // Test chrono steady_clock
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start);
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        auto dummy = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &end);
    print_timediff("chrono::steady_clock::now", start, end);

    // Test chrono high_resolution_clock
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start);
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        auto dummy = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &end);
    print_timediff("chrono::high_resolution_clock::now", start, end);

    return 0;
}

这是我用gcc7.2 -O3编译时得到的输出:

clock_gettime: 24.484926 milliseconds
chrono::system_clock::now: 85.142108 milliseconds
chrono::steady_clock::now: 87.295347 milliseconds
chrono::high_resolution_clock::now: 84.437838 milliseconds

time(NULL)函数将返回从1970年1月1日00:00开始经过的秒数。因为这个函数在程序中不同的时间被调用，所以它总是不同的 c++中的时间