我曾经使用CShell（csh），它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什，这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性，我会假设这一特性已经实现，但我想知道如何实现。
当前回答
下面是我的~/.bashrc中的三个函数示例，它们本质上是接受参数的别名：
#Utility required by all below functions.
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369758/how-to-trim-whitespace-from-bash-variable#comment21953456_3232433
alias trim="sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' -e 's/[[:space:]]*\$//g'"
.
:<<COMMENT
Alias function for recursive deletion, with are-you-sure prompt.
Example:
srf /home/myusername/django_files/rest_tutorial/rest_venv/
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
Short description: Stored in SRF_DESC
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*rm -r*:srf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- y/n prompt: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496
- Alias w/param: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496
COMMENT
#SRF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
SRF_DESC="srf [path]: Recursive deletion, with y/n prompt\n"
srf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
#Actual line-breaks required in order to expand the variable.
#- https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496
read -r -p "About to
sudo rm -rf \"$param\"
Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
sudo rm -rf "$param"
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Delete item from history based on its line number. No prompt.
Short description: Stored in HX_DESC
Examples
hx 112
hx 3
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HX_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HX_DESC="hx [linenum]: Delete history item at line number\n"
hx() {
history -d "$1"
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Deletes all lines from the history that match a search string, with a
prompt. The history file is then reloaded into memory.
Short description: Stored in HXF_DESC
Examples
hxf "rm -rf"
hxf ^source
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*hxf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HXF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HXF_DESC="hxf [searchterm]: Delete all history items matching search term, with y/n prompt\n"
hxf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
read -r -p "About to delete all items from history that match \"$param\". Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
#Delete all matched items from the file, and duplicate it to a temp
#location.
grep -v "$param" "$HISTFILE" > /tmp/history
#Clear all items in the current sessions history (in memory). This
#empties out $HISTFILE.
history -c
#Overwrite the actual history file with the temp one.
mv /tmp/history "$HISTFILE"
#Now reload it.
history -r "$HISTFILE" #Alternative: exec bash
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
参考文献：
从字符串中删除空白：如何从Bash变量中删除空白？实际换行符：https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496别名w/param：https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496（这个问题的另一个答案）组氨酸：https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bashY/N提示：https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496从历史记录中删除所有匹配项：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string字符串是否为空：http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
其他回答
实际上，函数几乎总是答案，正如手册页中的这句话所证实的：“对于几乎所有的目的，别名都被shell函数所取代。”
为了完整性，并且因为这可能是有用的（稍微更轻量级的语法），可以注意到，当参数跟随别名时，仍然可以使用它们（尽管这不能满足OP的要求）。这可能最容易用一个例子来演示：
alias ssh_disc='ssh -O stop'
允许我键入smth，如ssh_disc myhost，它按预期扩展为：ssh-O stop myhost
这对于接受复杂参数的命令很有用（我的记忆不再是以前的样子了…）
注意：如果这个想法不明显，除了别名之外，使用别名是一个坏主意，第一个是“别名中的函数”，第二个是“难以读取的重定向/源”。此外，还有一些缺陷（我认为这是显而易见的，但以防万一你会感到困惑：我并不是说它们真的可以在任何地方使用！）
我以前回答过这个问题，过去总是这样：
alias foo='__foo() { unset -f $0; echo "arg1 for foo=$1"; }; __foo()'
这是很好的，除非你避免一起使用函数。在这种情况下，您可以利用bash强大的重定向文本的能力：
alias bar='cat <<< '\''echo arg1 for bar=$1'\'' | source /dev/stdin'
它们的长度大致相同，只需几个字符即可。
真正的关键是时间差，顶部是“函数方法”，底部是“重定向源”方法。为了证明这一理论，时机不言自明：
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.011s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.008s # <--time spent in foo
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s # <--time spent in bar
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.010s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.004s
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.011s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.012s
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.012s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.004s
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.010s user 0m0.008s sys 0m0.004s
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
这是随机间隔进行的约200个结果的底部。函数创建/销毁似乎比重定向花费更多的时间。希望这将有助于未来的访问者解决这个问题（我不想对自己保密）。
函数和别名都可以使用其他函数和别名所示的参数。此外，我想指出几个其他方面：
1.函数在自己的作用域中运行，别名共享作用域
在需要隐藏或暴露某些内容的情况下，了解这种差异可能很有用。它还表明，函数是封装的更好选择。
function tfunc(){
GlobalFromFunc="Global From Func" # Function set global variable by default
local FromFunc="onetwothree from func" # Set a local variable
}
alias talias='local LocalFromAlias="Local from Alias"; GlobalFromAlias="Global From Alias" # Cant hide a variable with local here '
# Test variables set by tfunc
tfunc # call tfunc
echo $GlobalFromFunc # This is visible
echo $LocalFromFunc # This is not visible
# Test variables set by talias
# call talias
talias
echo $GlobalFromAlias # This is invisible
echo $LocalFromAlias # This variable is unset and unusable
输出：
bash-3.2$ # Test variables set by tfunc
bash-3.2$ tfunc # call tfunc
bash-3.2$ echo $GlobalFromFunc # This is visible
Global From Func
bash-3.2$ echo $LocalFromFunc # This is not visible
bash-3.2$ # Test variables set by talias
bash-3.2$ # call talias
bash-3.2$ talias
bash: local: can only be used in a function
bash-3.2$ echo $GlobalFromAlias # This is invisible
Global From Alias
bash-3.2$ echo $LocalFromAlias # This variable is unset and unusable
2.包装脚本是更好的选择
在我身上发生过几次，当通过ssh登录或涉及切换用户名或多用户环境时，找不到别名或函数。源点文件有一些提示和技巧，或者这个有趣的别名：aliassd='sudo'让这个后续的别名aliasinstall='sd-apt-get-install'按预期工作（注意sd='udo'中的额外空间）。然而，在这种情况下，包装脚本比函数或别名更有效。包装器脚本的主要优点是它在预期路径（即/usr/loca/bin/）下是可见的/可执行的，其中作为函数/别名需要在其可用之前获取。例如，您将一个函数放在~/.bash_profile或~/.bahrc中用于bash，但稍后切换到另一个shell（即zsh），则该函数不再可见。因此，当您有疑问时，包装脚本始终是最可靠和可移植的解决方案。
Bash别名不直接接受参数。您必须创建一个函数。
alias不接受参数，但可以像别名一样调用函数。例如：
myfunction() {
#do things with parameters like $1 such as
mv "$1" "$1.bak"
cp "$2" "$1"
}
myfunction old.conf new.conf #calls `myfunction`
顺便说一句，.bashrc和其他文件中定义的Bash函数可以作为shell中的命令使用。例如，您可以这样调用前面的函数
$ myfunction original.conf my.conf
有一次我做了一些有趣的项目，我仍然在使用它。它显示了一些动画，而我通过cp命令复制文件，因为cp没有显示任何内容，这有点令人沮丧。所以我取了这个别名
alias cp="~/SCR/spiner cp"
这是spiner脚本
#!/bin/bash
#Set timer
T=$(date +%s)
#Add some color
. ~/SCR/color
#Animation sprites
sprite=( "(* ) ( *)" " (* )( *) " " ( *)(* ) " "( *) (* )" "(* ) ( *)" )
#Print empty line and hide cursor
printf "\n${COF}"
#Exit function
function bye { printf "${CON}"; [ -e /proc/$pid ] && kill -9 $pid; exit; }; trap bye INT
#Run our command and get its pid
"$@" & pid=$!
#Waiting animation
i=0; while [ -e /proc/$pid ]; do sleep 0.1
printf "\r${GRN}Please wait... ${YLW}${sprite[$i]}${DEF}"
((i++)); [[ $i = ${#sprite[@]} ]] && i=0
done
#Print time and exit
T=$(($(date +%s)-$T))
printf "\n\nTime taken: $(date -u -d @${T} +'%T')\n"
bye
看起来像这样
循环动画）
这里是上面提到的彩色脚本的链接。和新的动画周期）
