我曾经用过这个，也犯过你提到的错误:

CREATE INDEX idx_col1 ON my_table (col1);

然后我把它换成了这个，并解决了:

CREATE INDEX idx_col1 ON my_table (col1(255));

去mysql编辑表->更改列类型为varchar(45)。

Nobody mentioned it so far... with utf8mb4 which is 4-byte and can also store emoticons (we should never more use 3-byte utf8) and we can avoid errors like Incorrect string value: \xF0\x9F\x98\... we should not use typical VARCHAR(255) but rather VARCHAR(191) because in case utf8mb4 and VARCHAR(255) same part of data are stored off-page and you can not create index for column VARCHAR(255) but for VARCHAR(191) you can. It is because the maximum indexed column size is 767 bytes for ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT or ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT.

For newer row formats ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC or ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED (which requires newer file format innodb_file_format=Barracuda not older Antelope) maximum indexed column size is 3072. It is available since MySQL >= 5.6.3 when innodb_large_prefix=1 (disabled by default for MySQL <= 5.7.6 and enabled by default for MySQL >= 5.7.7). So in this case we can use VARCHAR(768) for utf8mb4 (or VARCHAR(1024) for old utf8) for indexed column. Option innodb_large_prefix is deprecated since 5.7.7 because its behavior is built-in MySQL 8 (in this version is option removed).

不要用长值作为主键。这会毁了你的表现。请参阅mysql手册，第13.6.13节“InnoDB性能调优和故障排除”。

相反，使用一个代理int键作为主键(使用auto_increment)，并使用长键作为辅助UNIQUE。

alter table authors ADD UNIQUE(name_first(767), name_second(767));

注意:767是MySQL在处理blob/text索引时索引列的字符数限制

参考:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-restrictions.html

我得到这个错误时，添加一个索引的文本类型列表。您需要声明每个文本类型要使用的大小。

将大小放入括号()内

如果使用了太多字节，您可以在方括号中为varchar声明一个大小，以减少用于索引的数量。即使你已经为varchar(1000)这样的类型声明了一个大小。您不需要像其他人所说的那样创建一个新表。

添加索引

alter table test add index index_name(col1(255),col2(255));

添加唯一索引

alter table test add unique index_name(col1(255),col2(255));