试试下面的方法:

IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM beta WHERE name = 'John' > 0)
  UPDATE alfa SET c1=(SELECT id FROM beta WHERE name = 'John')
ELSE
BEGIN
  INSERT INTO beta (name) VALUES ('John')
  INSERT INTO alfa (c1) VALUES (LAST_INSERT_ID())
END

解决方案:

INSERT INTO `table` (`value1`, `value2`) 
SELECT 'stuff for value1', 'stuff for value2' FROM DUAL 
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM `table` 
      WHERE `value1`='stuff for value1' AND `value2`='stuff for value2' LIMIT 1) 

解释:

最里面的查询

SELECT * FROM `table` 
      WHERE `value1`='stuff for value1' AND `value2`='stuff for value2' LIMIT 1

用作WHERE NOT exists -条件检测是否已经存在要插入数据的行。在找到这样的一行之后，查询可能会停止，因此LIMIT 1(微优化，可以省略)。

中间查询

SELECT 'stuff for value1', 'stuff for value2' FROM DUAL

表示要插入的值。DUAL指的是一个特殊的单行一列表，默认存在于所有Oracle数据库中(参见https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUAL_table)。在MySQL-Server 5.7.26版本中，当省略FROM DUAL时，我得到了一个有效的查询，但旧版本(如5.5.60)似乎需要FROM信息。通过使用WHERE NOT EXISTS，如果最里面的查询找到匹配的数据，中间查询将返回一个空结果集。

外部查询

INSERT INTO `table` (`value1`, `value2`) 

插入中间查询返回的数据(如果有)。

在MySQL中，ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE或INSERT IGNORE可以是可行的解决方案。

一个基于mysql.com的ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE更新示例:

INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3)
  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1;

UPDATE table SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1;

一个基于mysql.com的INSERT IGNORE示例

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
    {VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
      col_name=expr
        [, col_name=expr] ... ]

Or:

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name
    SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...
    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
      col_name=expr
        [, col_name=expr] ... ]

Or:

INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
    [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
    SELECT ...
    [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
      col_name=expr
        [, col_name=expr] ... ]

使用INSERT IGNORE INTO表。

还有INSERT…ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE语法，你可以在13.2.6.2 INSERT…打开重复的键更新语句。

根据谷歌的webcache，帖子来自bogdan.org.ua:

18th October 2007 To start: as of the latest MySQL, syntax presented in the title is not possible. But there are several very easy ways to accomplish what is expected using existing functionality. There are 3 possible solutions: using INSERT IGNORE, REPLACE, or INSERT … ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE. Imagine we have a table: CREATE TABLE `transcripts` ( `ensembl_transcript_id` varchar(20) NOT NULL, `transcript_chrom_start` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `transcript_chrom_end` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`ensembl_transcript_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; Now imagine that we have an automatic pipeline importing transcripts meta-data from Ensembl, and that due to various reasons the pipeline might be broken at any step of execution. Thus, we need to ensure two things:

反复执行的管道不会破坏我们的 >数据库

repeated executions will not die due to ‘duplicate > primary key’ errors. Method 1: using REPLACE It’s very simple: REPLACE INTO `transcripts` SET `ensembl_transcript_id` = 'ENSORGT00000000001', `transcript_chrom_start` = 12345, `transcript_chrom_end` = 12678; If the record exists, it will be overwritten; if it does not yet exist, it will be created. However, using this method isn’t efficient for our case: we do not need to overwrite existing records, it’s fine just to skip them. Method 2: using INSERT IGNORE Also very simple: INSERT IGNORE INTO `transcripts` SET `ensembl_transcript_id` = 'ENSORGT00000000001', `transcript_chrom_start` = 12345, `transcript_chrom_end` = 12678; Here, if the ‘ensembl_transcript_id’ is already present in the database, it will be silently skipped (ignored). (To be more precise, here’s a quote from MySQL reference manual: “If you use the IGNORE keyword, errors that occur while executing the INSERT statement are treated as warnings instead. For example, without IGNORE, a row that duplicates an existing UNIQUE index or PRIMARY KEY value in the table causes a duplicate-key error and the statement is aborted.”.) If the record doesn’t yet exist, it will be created. This second method has several potential weaknesses, including non-abortion of the query in case any other problem occurs (see the manual). Thus it should be used if previously tested without the IGNORE keyword. Method 3: using INSERT … ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE: Third option is to use INSERT … ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE syntax, and in the UPDATE part just do nothing do some meaningless (empty) operation, like calculating 0+0 (Geoffray suggests doing the id=id assignment for the MySQL optimization engine to ignore this operation). Advantage of this method is that it only ignores duplicate key events, and still aborts on other errors. As a final notice: this post was inspired by Xaprb. I’d also advise to consult his other post on writing flexible SQL queries.

下面是一个PHP函数，它只在表中不存在所有指定列的值时插入一行。

If one of the columns differ, the row will be added. If the table is empty, the row will be added. If a row exists where all the specified columns have the specified values, the row won't be added. function insert_unique($table, $vars) { if (count($vars)) { $table = mysql_real_escape_string($table); $vars = array_map('mysql_real_escape_string', $vars); $req = "INSERT INTO `$table` (`". join('`, `', array_keys($vars)) ."`) "; $req .= "SELECT '". join("', '", $vars) ."' FROM DUAL "; $req .= "WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM `$table` WHERE "; foreach ($vars AS $col => $val) $req .= "`$col`='$val' AND "; $req = substr($req, 0, -5) . ") LIMIT 1"; $res = mysql_query($req) OR die(); return mysql_insert_id(); } return False; }

使用示例:

<?php
  insert_unique('mytable', array(
    'mycolumn1' => 'myvalue1',
    'mycolumn2' => 'myvalue2',
    'mycolumn3' => 'myvalue3'
    )
  );
?>

试试下面的方法:

IF (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM beta WHERE name = 'John' > 0)
  UPDATE alfa SET c1=(SELECT id FROM beta WHERE name = 'John')
ELSE
BEGIN
  INSERT INTO beta (name) VALUES ('John')
  INSERT INTO alfa (c1) VALUES (LAST_INSERT_ID())
END