为了快速提取特定键的值，我个人喜欢使用“grep -o”，它只返回正则表达式的匹配项。例如，要从tweets中获取“text”字段，如下所示:

grep -Po '"text":.*?[^\\]",' tweets.json

这个正则表达式比你想象的更健壮;例如，它可以很好地处理包含逗号和转义引号的字符串。我想再做点工作，你就能做出一个保证能提取值的程序，如果它是原子的。(如果它有嵌套，那么正则表达式当然不能这样做。)

为了进一步清除(尽管保持字符串的原始转义)，您可以使用如下代码:| perl -pe 's/"text"://;/ / s / ^”;s /, / /美元”。(我这样做是为了分析。)

对于那些坚持认为你应该使用真正的JSON解析器的人——是的，这对于正确性是必不可少的，但是

To do a really quick analysis, like counting values to check on data cleaning bugs or get a general feel for the data, banging out something on the command line is faster. Opening an editor to write a script is distracting. grep -o is orders of magnitude faster than the Python standard json library, at least when doing this for tweets (which are ~2 KB each). I'm not sure if this is just because json is slow (I should compare to yajl sometime); but in principle, a regex should be faster since it's finite state and much more optimizable, instead of a parser that has to support recursion, and in this case, spends lots of CPU building trees for structures you don't care about. (If someone wrote a finite state transducer that did proper (depth-limited) JSON parsing, that would be fantastic! In the meantime we have "grep -o".)

为了编写可维护的代码，我总是使用真正的解析库。我还没有尝试过jsawk，但如果它工作得很好，这将解决第1点。

最后一个更古怪的解决方案:我写了一个脚本，使用Python json并将你想要的键提取到制表符分隔的列中;然后我通过awk的包装器，允许对列进行命名访问。这里:json2tsv和tsvawk脚本。对于这个例子，它将是:

json2tsv id text < tweets.json | tsvawk '{print "tweet " $id " is: " $text}'

这种方法没有解决第2点，比单一的Python脚本效率更低，而且有点脆弱:它强制将字符串值中的换行符和制表符规范化，以更好地处理awk的字段/记录分隔视图。但它确实让您停留在命令行上，比grep -o更正确。

为了快速提取特定键的值，我个人喜欢使用“grep -o”，它只返回正则表达式的匹配项。例如，要从tweets中获取“text”字段，如下所示:

grep -Po '"text":.*?[^\\]",' tweets.json

这个正则表达式比你想象的更健壮;例如，它可以很好地处理包含逗号和转义引号的字符串。我想再做点工作，你就能做出一个保证能提取值的程序，如果它是原子的。(如果它有嵌套，那么正则表达式当然不能这样做。)

为了进一步清除(尽管保持字符串的原始转义)，您可以使用如下代码:| perl -pe 's/"text"://;/ / s / ^”;s /, / /美元”。(我这样做是为了分析。)

对于那些坚持认为你应该使用真正的JSON解析器的人——是的，这对于正确性是必不可少的，但是

To do a really quick analysis, like counting values to check on data cleaning bugs or get a general feel for the data, banging out something on the command line is faster. Opening an editor to write a script is distracting. grep -o is orders of magnitude faster than the Python standard json library, at least when doing this for tweets (which are ~2 KB each). I'm not sure if this is just because json is slow (I should compare to yajl sometime); but in principle, a regex should be faster since it's finite state and much more optimizable, instead of a parser that has to support recursion, and in this case, spends lots of CPU building trees for structures you don't care about. (If someone wrote a finite state transducer that did proper (depth-limited) JSON parsing, that would be fantastic! In the meantime we have "grep -o".)

为了编写可维护的代码，我总是使用真正的解析库。我还没有尝试过jsawk，但如果它工作得很好，这将解决第1点。

最后一个更古怪的解决方案:我写了一个脚本，使用Python json并将你想要的键提取到制表符分隔的列中;然后我通过awk的包装器，允许对列进行命名访问。这里:json2tsv和tsvawk脚本。对于这个例子，它将是:

json2tsv id text < tweets.json | tsvawk '{print "tweet " $id " is: " $text}'

这种方法没有解决第2点，比单一的Python脚本效率更低，而且有点脆弱:它强制将字符串值中的换行符和制表符规范化，以更好地处理awk的字段/记录分隔视图。但它确实让您停留在命令行上，比grep -o更正确。

更新(2020)

我使用外部工具(例如Python)时遇到的最大问题是，你必须处理包管理器和安装它们的依赖关系。

然而，现在我们有了jq作为一个独立的静态工具，很容易通过GitHub发布和Webi (webinstall.dev/jq)跨平台安装，我建议:

Mac、Linux:

curl -sS https://webi.sh/jq | bash

Windows 10:

curl.exe -A MS https://webi.ms/jq | powershell

小抄:https://webinstall.dev/jq

原(2011)

TickTick是一个用bash编写的JSON解析器(不到250行代码)。

以下是作者在他的文章《想象一个Bash支持JSON的世界》中的片段:

#!/bin/bash
. ticktick.sh

``
  people = {
    "Writers": [
      "Rod Serling",
      "Charles Beaumont",
      "Richard Matheson"
    ],
    "Cast": {
      "Rod Serling": { "Episodes": 156 },
      "Martin Landau": { "Episodes": 2 },
      "William Shatner": { "Episodes": 2 }
    }
  }
``

function printDirectors() {
  echo "  The ``people.Directors.length()`` Directors are:"

  for director in ``people.Directors.items()``; do
    printf "    - %s\n" ${!director}
  done
}

`` people.Directors = [ "John Brahm", "Douglas Heyes" ] ``
printDirectors

newDirector="Lamont Johnson"
`` people.Directors.push($newDirector) ``
printDirectors

echo "Shifted: "``people.Directors.shift()``
printDirectors

echo "Popped: "``people.Directors.pop()``
printDirectors

对于更复杂的JSON解析，我建议使用Python jsonpath模块(Stefan Goessner) -

Install it - sudo easy_install -U jsonpath Use it - Example file.json (from http://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath) - { "store": { "book": [ { "category": "reference", "author": "Nigel Rees", "title": "Sayings of the Century", "price": 8.95 }, { "category": "fiction", "author": "Evelyn Waugh", "title": "Sword of Honour", "price": 12.99 }, { "category": "fiction", "author": "Herman Melville", "title": "Moby Dick", "isbn": "0-553-21311-3", "price": 8.99 }, { "category": "fiction", "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien", "title": "The Lord of the Rings", "isbn": "0-395-19395-8", "price": 22.99 } ], "bicycle": { "color": "red", "price": 19.95 } } } Parse it (extract all book titles with price < 10) - cat file.json | python -c "import sys, json, jsonpath; print '\n'.join(jsonpath.jsonpath(json.load(sys.stdin), 'store.book[?(@.price < 10)].title'))" Will output - Sayings of the Century Moby Dick Note: The above command line does not include error checking. For a full solution with error checking, you should create a small Python script, and wrap the code with try-except.

YAML处理器yq

考虑使用yq进行JSON处理。 yq是一个轻量级、可移植的命令行YAML处理器(JSON是YAML的一个子集)。 语法类似于jq。

输入

{
  "name": "Angel",
  "address": {
    "street": "Stairway to",
    "city": "Heaven"
  }
}

用法举例1

yq e ` .name ` $FILE

Angel

用法举例二

yq有一个很好的内置特性，可以使JSON和YAML成为grep-able

yq——输出格式道具$FILE

name = Angel
address.street = Stairway to
address.city = Heaven

这是一个很好的参考资料。在这种情况下:

curl 'http://twitter.com/users/username.json' | sed -e 's/[{}]/''/g' | awk -v k="text" '{n=split($0,a,","); for (i=1; i<=n; i++) { where = match(a[i], /\"text\"/); if(where) {print a[i]} }  }'