如果您有java.io.InputStream对象,应该如何处理该对象并生成String?
假设我有一个包含文本数据的InputStream,我想将其转换为String,例如,我可以将其写入日志文件。
获取InputStream并将其转换为字符串的最简单方法是什么?
public String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) {
// ???
}
如果您有java.io.InputStream对象,应该如何处理该对象并生成String?
假设我有一个包含文本数据的InputStream,我想将其转换为String,例如,我可以将其写入日志文件。
获取InputStream并将其转换为字符串的最简单方法是什么?
public String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) {
// ???
}
当前回答
基于已接受的Apache Commons答案的第二部分,但在始终关闭流的情况下填补了一个小缺口:
String theString;
try {
theString = IOUtils.toString(inputStream, encoding);
} finally {
IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream);
}
其他回答
这个很好,因为:
它可以安全地处理Charset。您可以控制读取缓冲区的大小。您可以设置生成器的长度,而不必是精确的值。不受库依赖关系的影响。适用于Java 7或更高版本。
怎么做?
public static String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(2048); // Define a size if you have an idea of it.
char[] read = new char[128]; // Your buffer size.
try (InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
for (int i; -1 != (i = ir.read(read)); sb.append(read, 0, i));
}
return sb.toString();
}
对于JDK 9
public static String inputStreamString(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
try (inputStream) {
return new String(inputStream.readAllBytes(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}
这里有一种仅使用标准Java库的方法(请注意,流没有关闭,您的里程可能会有所不同)。
static String convertStreamToString(java.io.InputStream is) {
java.util.Scanner s = new java.util.Scanner(is).useDelimiter("\\A");
return s.hasNext() ? s.next() : "";
}
我从“愚蠢的扫描仪技巧”一文中学会了这个技巧。它工作的原因是因为Scanner迭代流中的令牌,在这种情况下,我们使用“输入边界的开始”(\A)来分离令牌,从而为流的整个内容只提供一个令牌。
注意,如果您需要明确输入流的编码,可以向Scanner构造函数提供第二个参数,指示要使用的字符集(例如“UTF-8”)。
雅各布也收到了帽子提示,他曾向我指出了上述文章。
Kotlin用户只需:
println(InputStreamReader(is).readText())
鉴于
readText()
是Kotlin标准库的内置扩展方法。
如果使用流读取器,请确保在结束时关闭流
private String readStream(InputStream iStream) throws IOException {
//build a Stream Reader, it can read char by char
InputStreamReader iStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(iStream);
//build a buffered Reader, so that i can read whole line at once
BufferedReader bReader = new BufferedReader(iStreamReader);
String line = null;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
while((line = bReader.readLine()) != null) { //Read till end
builder.append(line);
builder.append("\n"); // append new line to preserve lines
}
bReader.close(); //close all opened stuff
iStreamReader.close();
//iStream.close(); //EDIT: Let the creator of the stream close it!
// some readers may auto close the inner stream
return builder.toString();
}
编辑:在JDK7+上,可以使用trywithresources构造。
/**
* Reads the stream into a string
* @param iStream the input stream
* @return the string read from the stream
* @throws IOException when an IO error occurs
*/
private String readStream(InputStream iStream) throws IOException {
//Buffered reader allows us to read line by line
try (BufferedReader bReader =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(iStream))){
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while((line = bReader.readLine()) != null) { //Read till end
builder.append(line);
builder.append("\n"); // append new line to preserve lines
}
return builder.toString();
}
}
如果不能使用Commons IO(FileUtils/IOUtils/CopyUtils),下面是一个使用BufferedReader逐行读取文件的示例:
public class StringFromFile {
public static void main(String[] args) /*throws UnsupportedEncodingException*/ {
InputStream is = StringFromFile.class.getResourceAsStream("file.txt");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is/*, "UTF-8"*/));
final int CHARS_PER_PAGE = 5000; //counting spaces
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(CHARS_PER_PAGE);
try {
for(String line=br.readLine(); line!=null; line=br.readLine()) {
builder.append(line);
builder.append('\n');
}
}
catch (IOException ignore) { }
String text = builder.toString();
System.out.println(text);
}
}
或者,如果你想要原始速度,我会根据Paul de Vrieze的建议(避免使用StringWriter(内部使用StringBuffer))提出一个变体:
public class StringFromFileFast {
public static void main(String[] args) /*throws UnsupportedEncodingException*/ {
InputStream is = StringFromFileFast.class.getResourceAsStream("file.txt");
InputStreamReader input = new InputStreamReader(is/*, "UTF-8"*/);
final int CHARS_PER_PAGE = 5000; //counting spaces
final char[] buffer = new char[CHARS_PER_PAGE];
StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder(CHARS_PER_PAGE);
try {
for(int read = input.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
read != -1;
read = input.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) {
output.append(buffer, 0, read);
}
} catch (IOException ignore) { }
String text = output.toString();
System.out.println(text);
}
}