对于仅使用内置的标准外壳（没有bashms）：

uppers=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
lowers=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

lc(){ #usage: lc "SOME STRING" -> "some string"
    i=0
    while ([ $i -lt ${#1} ]) do
        CUR=${1:$i:1}
        case $uppers in
            *$CUR*)CUR=${uppers%$CUR*};OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}${lowers:${#CUR}:1}";;
            *)OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}$CUR";;
        esac
        i=$((i+1))
    done
    echo "${OUTPUT}"
}

对于大写：

uc(){ #usage: uc "some string" -> "SOME STRING"
    i=0
    while ([ $i -lt ${#1} ]) do
        CUR=${1:$i:1}
        case $lowers in
            *$CUR*)CUR=${lowers%$CUR*};OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}${uppers:${#CUR}:1}";;
            *)OUTPUT="${OUTPUT}$CUR";;
        esac
        i=$((i+1))
    done
    echo "${OUTPUT}"
}

在Bash 4中：

小写

$ string="A FEW WORDS"
$ echo "${string,}"
a FEW WORDS
$ echo "${string,,}"
a few words
$ echo "${string,,[AEIUO]}"
a FeW WoRDS

$ string="A Few Words"
$ declare -l string
$ string=$string; echo "$string"
a few words

大写

$ string="a few words"
$ echo "${string^}"
A few words
$ echo "${string^^}"
A FEW WORDS
$ echo "${string^^[aeiou]}"
A fEw wOrds

$ string="A Few Words"
$ declare -u string
$ string=$string; echo "$string"
A FEW WORDS

切换（未记录，但可在编译时配置）

$ string="A Few Words"
$ echo "${string~~}"
a fEW wORDS
$ string="A FEW WORDS"
$ echo "${string~}"
a FEW WORDS
$ string="a few words"
$ echo "${string~}"
A few words

大写（未记录，但可在编译时配置）

$ string="a few words"
$ declare -c string
$ string=$string
$ echo "$string"
A few words

标题大小写：

$ string="a few words"
$ string=($string)
$ string="${string[@]^}"
$ echo "$string"
A Few Words

$ declare -c string
$ string=(a few words)
$ echo "${string[@]}"
A Few Words

$ string="a FeW WOrdS"
$ string=${string,,}
$ string=${string~}
$ echo "$string"
A few words

要关闭声明属性，请使用+。例如，声明+c字符串。这会影响后续赋值，而不是当前值。

declare选项更改变量的属性，但不更改内容。示例中的重新分配会更新内容以显示更改。

编辑：

按照ghostdog74的建议，添加了“按单词切换第一个字符”（${var~}）。

编辑：更正波浪号行为以匹配Bash 4.3。

对于Bash 3.2.+| Mac：

read -p 'What is your email? ' email
email=$(echo $email | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
email="$email"
echo $email

这不是比一个完整的shell变量链+声明+求值+单引号转义+echo+管道+tr更干净吗？

#***仅对于ASCII更快***mawk‘$！NF=上限（$_）'<<<'abcxyz'

ABCXYZ

gawk“$_=tolower（$_）”<<<“FAB-EDC”

fab-edc

和Unicode一样容易使用，无需“解包”、“编码”或“解码”字节

printf“%s”“${test_utf8}”|……

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……|gawk“$_=toupper（$_）”

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tr:

a="$(tr [A-Z] [a-z] <<< "$a")"

AWK:

{ print tolower($0) }

sed:

y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/

将转换后的字符串存储到变量中。跟踪对我有用-$SOURCE_NAME至$TARGET_NAME

TARGET_NAME="`echo $SOURCE_NAME | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'`"