我想将JSON数据转换为Python对象。

我从Facebook API收到JSON数据对象,我想将其存储在数据库中。

我的当前视图在Django (Python)(请求。POST包含JSON):

response = request.POST
user = FbApiUser(user_id = response['id'])
user.name = response['name']
user.username = response['username']
user.save()

这很好,但是如何处理复杂的JSON数据对象呢? 如果我能以某种方式将这个JSON对象转换为易于使用的Python对象,是不是会更好?


当前回答

Python3.x

以我的知识,我能找到的最好的方法是。 注意,这段代码也处理set()。 这种方法是通用的,只需要类的扩展(在第二个例子中)。 请注意,我只是对文件执行此操作,但是很容易根据自己的喜好修改行为。

然而,这是一个编解码器。

再做一点工作,就可以用其他方式构造类。 我假设有一个默认构造函数来实例它,然后更新类dict。

import json
import collections


class JsonClassSerializable(json.JSONEncoder):

    REGISTERED_CLASS = {}

    def register(ctype):
        JsonClassSerializable.REGISTERED_CLASS[ctype.__name__] = ctype

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, collections.Set):
            return dict(_set_object=list(obj))
        if isinstance(obj, JsonClassSerializable):
            jclass = {}
            jclass["name"] = type(obj).__name__
            jclass["dict"] = obj.__dict__
            return dict(_class_object=jclass)
        else:
            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

    def json_to_class(self, dct):
        if '_set_object' in dct:
            return set(dct['_set_object'])
        elif '_class_object' in dct:
            cclass = dct['_class_object']
            cclass_name = cclass["name"]
            if cclass_name not in self.REGISTERED_CLASS:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "Class {} not registered in JSON Parser"
                    .format(cclass["name"])
                )
            instance = self.REGISTERED_CLASS[cclass_name]()
            instance.__dict__ = cclass["dict"]
            return instance
        return dct

    def encode_(self, file):
        with open(file, 'w') as outfile:
            json.dump(
                self.__dict__, outfile,
                cls=JsonClassSerializable,
                indent=4,
                sort_keys=True
            )

    def decode_(self, file):
        try:
            with open(file, 'r') as infile:
                self.__dict__ = json.load(
                    infile,
                    object_hook=self.json_to_class
                )
        except FileNotFoundError:
            print("Persistence load failed "
                  "'{}' do not exists".format(file)
                  )


class C(JsonClassSerializable):

    def __init__(self):
        self.mill = "s"


JsonClassSerializable.register(C)


class B(JsonClassSerializable):

    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 1230
        self.c = C()


JsonClassSerializable.register(B)


class A(JsonClassSerializable):

    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 1
        self.b = {1, 2}
        self.c = B()

JsonClassSerializable.register(A)

A().encode_("test")
b = A()
b.decode_("test")
print(b.a)
print(b.b)
print(b.c.a)

Edit

通过更多的研究,我发现了一种不需要SUPERCLASS寄存器方法调用的泛化方法,使用元类

import json
import collections

REGISTERED_CLASS = {}

class MetaSerializable(type):

    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if cls.__name__ not in REGISTERED_CLASS:
            REGISTERED_CLASS[cls.__name__] = cls
        return super(MetaSerializable, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)


class JsonClassSerializable(json.JSONEncoder, metaclass=MetaSerializable):

    def default(self, obj):
        if isinstance(obj, collections.Set):
            return dict(_set_object=list(obj))
        if isinstance(obj, JsonClassSerializable):
            jclass = {}
            jclass["name"] = type(obj).__name__
            jclass["dict"] = obj.__dict__
            return dict(_class_object=jclass)
        else:
            return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)

    def json_to_class(self, dct):
        if '_set_object' in dct:
            return set(dct['_set_object'])
        elif '_class_object' in dct:
            cclass = dct['_class_object']
            cclass_name = cclass["name"]
            if cclass_name not in REGISTERED_CLASS:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "Class {} not registered in JSON Parser"
                    .format(cclass["name"])
                )
            instance = REGISTERED_CLASS[cclass_name]()
            instance.__dict__ = cclass["dict"]
            return instance
        return dct

    def encode_(self, file):
        with open(file, 'w') as outfile:
            json.dump(
                self.__dict__, outfile,
                cls=JsonClassSerializable,
                indent=4,
                sort_keys=True
            )

    def decode_(self, file):
        try:
            with open(file, 'r') as infile:
                self.__dict__ = json.load(
                    infile,
                    object_hook=self.json_to_class
                )
        except FileNotFoundError:
            print("Persistence load failed "
                  "'{}' do not exists".format(file)
                  )


class C(JsonClassSerializable):

    def __init__(self):
        self.mill = "s"


class B(JsonClassSerializable):

    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 1230
        self.c = C()


class A(JsonClassSerializable):

    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 1
        self.b = {1, 2}
        self.c = B()


A().encode_("test")
b = A()
b.decode_("test")
print(b.a)
# 1
print(b.b)
# {1, 2}
print(b.c.a)
# 1230
print(b.c.c.mill)
# s

其他回答

我已经编写了一个名为any2any的小型(反)序列化框架,它可以帮助在两种Python类型之间进行复杂的转换。

在您的情况下,我猜您想从字典(通过json.loads获得)转换为复杂的对象response.education;Response.name,具有嵌套结构response.education.id,等等… 这就是这个框架的用途。文档还不是很好,但是通过使用any2any.simple。MappingToObject,你应该可以很容易地做到。如果需要帮助,请询问。

改进lovasoa非常好的答案。

如果你正在使用python 3.6+,你可以使用: PIP安装棉花糖-enum和 PIP安装棉花糖数据类

它简单且类型安全。

你可以在string-json中转换你的类,反之亦然:

从对象到字符串Json:

    from marshmallow_dataclass import dataclass
    user = User("Danilo","50","RedBull",15,OrderStatus.CREATED)
    user_json = User.Schema().dumps(user)
    user_json_str = user_json.data

从String Json到Object:

    json_str = '{"name":"Danilo", "orderId":"50", "productName":"RedBull", "quantity":15, "status":"Created"}'
    user, err = User.Schema().loads(json_str)
    print(user,flush=True)

类定义:

class OrderStatus(Enum):
    CREATED = 'Created'
    PENDING = 'Pending'
    CONFIRMED = 'Confirmed'
    FAILED = 'Failed'

@dataclass
class User:
    def __init__(self, name, orderId, productName, quantity, status):
        self.name = name
        self.orderId = orderId
        self.productName = productName
        self.quantity = quantity
        self.status = status

    name: str
    orderId: str
    productName: str
    quantity: int
    status: OrderStatus

修改@DS响应位,从一个文件加载:

def _json_object_hook(d): return namedtuple('X', d.keys())(*d.values())
def load_data(file_name):
  with open(file_name, 'r') as file_data:
    return file_data.read().replace('\n', '')
def json2obj(file_name): return json.loads(load_data(file_name), object_hook=_json_object_hook)

有一点:它不能加载前面有数字的项目。是这样的:

{
  "1_first_item": {
    "A": "1",
    "B": "2"
  }
}

因为“1_first_item”不是一个有效的python字段名。

def load_model_from_dict(self, data: dict):
    for key, value in data.items():
        self.__dict__[key] = value
    return self

它帮助返回你自己的模型,从字典中不可预见的变量。

这里给出的答案没有返回正确的对象类型,因此我在下面创建了这些方法。如果你试图向给定JSON中不存在的类中添加更多字段,它们也会失败:

def dict_to_class(class_name: Any, dictionary: dict) -> Any:
    instance = class_name()
    for key in dictionary.keys():
        setattr(instance, key, dictionary[key])
    return instance


def json_to_class(class_name: Any, json_string: str) -> Any:
    dict_object = json.loads(json_string)
    return dict_to_class(class_name, dict_object)