我想将JSON数据转换为Python对象。
我从Facebook API收到JSON数据对象，我想将其存储在数据库中。
我的当前视图在Django (Python)(请求。POST包含JSON):
response = request.POST
user = FbApiUser(user_id = response['id'])
user.name = response['name']
user.username = response['username']
user.save()
这很好，但是如何处理复杂的JSON数据对象呢? 如果我能以某种方式将这个JSON对象转换为易于使用的Python对象，是不是会更好?
当前回答
Python3.x
以我的知识，我能找到的最好的方法是。 注意，这段代码也处理set()。 这种方法是通用的，只需要类的扩展(在第二个例子中)。 请注意，我只是对文件执行此操作，但是很容易根据自己的喜好修改行为。
然而，这是一个编解码器。
再做一点工作，就可以用其他方式构造类。 我假设有一个默认构造函数来实例它，然后更新类dict。
import json
import collections
class JsonClassSerializable(json.JSONEncoder):
REGISTERED_CLASS = {}
def register(ctype):
JsonClassSerializable.REGISTERED_CLASS[ctype.__name__] = ctype
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, collections.Set):
return dict(_set_object=list(obj))
if isinstance(obj, JsonClassSerializable):
jclass = {}
jclass["name"] = type(obj).__name__
jclass["dict"] = obj.__dict__
return dict(_class_object=jclass)
else:
return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
def json_to_class(self, dct):
if '_set_object' in dct:
return set(dct['_set_object'])
elif '_class_object' in dct:
cclass = dct['_class_object']
cclass_name = cclass["name"]
if cclass_name not in self.REGISTERED_CLASS:
raise RuntimeError(
"Class {} not registered in JSON Parser"
.format(cclass["name"])
)
instance = self.REGISTERED_CLASS[cclass_name]()
instance.__dict__ = cclass["dict"]
return instance
return dct
def encode_(self, file):
with open(file, 'w') as outfile:
json.dump(
self.__dict__, outfile,
cls=JsonClassSerializable,
indent=4,
sort_keys=True
)
def decode_(self, file):
try:
with open(file, 'r') as infile:
self.__dict__ = json.load(
infile,
object_hook=self.json_to_class
)
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Persistence load failed "
"'{}' do not exists".format(file)
)
class C(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.mill = "s"
JsonClassSerializable.register(C)
class B(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1230
self.c = C()
JsonClassSerializable.register(B)
class A(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1
self.b = {1, 2}
self.c = B()
JsonClassSerializable.register(A)
A().encode_("test")
b = A()
b.decode_("test")
print(b.a)
print(b.b)
print(b.c.a)
Edit
通过更多的研究，我发现了一种不需要SUPERCLASS寄存器方法调用的泛化方法，使用元类
import json
import collections
REGISTERED_CLASS = {}
class MetaSerializable(type):
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls.__name__ not in REGISTERED_CLASS:
REGISTERED_CLASS[cls.__name__] = cls
return super(MetaSerializable, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
class JsonClassSerializable(json.JSONEncoder, metaclass=MetaSerializable):
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, collections.Set):
return dict(_set_object=list(obj))
if isinstance(obj, JsonClassSerializable):
jclass = {}
jclass["name"] = type(obj).__name__
jclass["dict"] = obj.__dict__
return dict(_class_object=jclass)
else:
return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
def json_to_class(self, dct):
if '_set_object' in dct:
return set(dct['_set_object'])
elif '_class_object' in dct:
cclass = dct['_class_object']
cclass_name = cclass["name"]
if cclass_name not in REGISTERED_CLASS:
raise RuntimeError(
"Class {} not registered in JSON Parser"
.format(cclass["name"])
)
instance = REGISTERED_CLASS[cclass_name]()
instance.__dict__ = cclass["dict"]
return instance
return dct
def encode_(self, file):
with open(file, 'w') as outfile:
json.dump(
self.__dict__, outfile,
cls=JsonClassSerializable,
indent=4,
sort_keys=True
)
def decode_(self, file):
try:
with open(file, 'r') as infile:
self.__dict__ = json.load(
infile,
object_hook=self.json_to_class
)
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Persistence load failed "
"'{}' do not exists".format(file)
)
class C(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.mill = "s"
class B(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1230
self.c = C()
class A(JsonClassSerializable):
def __init__(self):
self.a = 1
self.b = {1, 2}
self.c = B()
A().encode_("test")
b = A()
b.decode_("test")
print(b.a)
# 1
print(b.b)
# {1, 2}
print(b.c.a)
# 1230
print(b.c.c.mill)
# s
其他回答
使用json模块(Python 2.6新增)或几乎总是安装的simplejson模块。
我已经编写了一个名为any2any的小型(反)序列化框架，它可以帮助在两种Python类型之间进行复杂的转换。
在您的情况下，我猜您想从字典(通过json.loads获得)转换为复杂的对象response.education;Response.name，具有嵌套结构response.education.id，等等… 这就是这个框架的用途。文档还不是很好，但是通过使用any2any.simple。MappingToObject，你应该可以很容易地做到。如果需要帮助，请询问。
使用python 3.7，我发现下面的代码非常简单有效。在本例中，将JSON从文件加载到字典中:
class Characteristic:
def __init__(self, characteristicName, characteristicUUID):
self.characteristicName = characteristicName
self.characteristicUUID = characteristicUUID
class Service:
def __init__(self, serviceName, serviceUUID, characteristics):
self.serviceName = serviceName
self.serviceUUID = serviceUUID
self.characteristics = characteristics
class Definitions:
def __init__(self, services):
self.services = []
for service in services:
self.services.append(Service(**service))
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
prog="BLEStructureGenerator",
description="Taking in a JSON input file which lists all of the services, "
"characteristics and encoded properties. The encoding takes in "
"another optional template services and/or characteristics "
"file where the JSON file contents are applied to the templates.",
epilog="Copyright Brown & Watson International"
)
parser.add_argument('definitionfile',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="JSON file which contains the list of characteristics and "
"services in the required format")
parser.add_argument('-s', '--services',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="Services template file to be used for each service in the "
"JSON file list")
parser.add_argument('-c', '--characteristics',
type=argparse.FileType('r', encoding='UTF-8'),
help="Characteristics template file to be used for each service in the "
"JSON file list")
args = parser.parse_args()
definition_dict = json.load(args.definitionfile)
definitions = Definitions(**definition_dict)
对于复杂的对象，可以使用JSON Pickle
Python库，用于将任意对象图序列化为JSON。 它几乎可以接受任何Python对象并将对象转换为JSON。 此外，它还可以将对象重新构造回Python。
既然没有人给出了和我一样的答案，我就把它贴在这里。
这是一个健壮的类，可以轻松地在JSON str和dict之间来回转换，我已经从我的答案复制到另一个问题:
import json
class PyJSON(object):
def __init__(self, d):
if type(d) is str:
d = json.loads(d)
self.from_dict(d)
def from_dict(self, d):
self.__dict__ = {}
for key, value in d.items():
if type(value) is dict:
value = PyJSON(value)
self.__dict__[key] = value
def to_dict(self):
d = {}
for key, value in self.__dict__.items():
if type(value) is PyJSON:
value = value.to_dict()
d[key] = value
return d
def __repr__(self):
return str(self.to_dict())
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
self.__dict__[key] = value
def __getitem__(self, key):
return self.__dict__[key]
json_str = """... JSON string ..."""
py_json = PyJSON(json_str)
